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[Music]

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hello everybody and welcome back to

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another episode of NASA and Silicon

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Valley live

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I'm your host a detailer and if this is

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your first time tuning in to the show

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NASA and Silicon Valley live is a

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conversational show out of NASA's Ames

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Research Center where we talk about all

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the nerdy NASA news you need to know

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about so today I have with me my friend

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and office mate Tiffany hey hi everyone

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I am your co-host

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Tiffany Blake if you didn't know we are

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live on twitch YouTube Facebook and

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periscope but if you want to participate

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in the chat and eggs our guests some

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questions there's only one place you can

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do that and that is @ww twitch TV / NASA

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right and we are excited today to be

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holding our second annual NASA themes

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Halloween costume and cosplay contest

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yes I'm excited and find it if you're a

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NASA fan like a Ferrari last-minute

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Halloween outfits you're in luck

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we are going to show you a collection of

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NASA inspired costumes and tell you how

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you can recreate them at home right and

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if you do end up using any of our space

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themed costumes for Halloween or some

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other NASA inspired costume we want to

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see it so you can share those with us on

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social media using the hashtag NASA

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costume yeah

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so before we start Abby how about we

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remind the people about Michael oh okay

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yes so this is our moon countdown clock

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that you see right here and that is

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because five years from now in 2024 we

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are planning to send humans to the moon

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as part of our Artemis program so this

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clock right here is counting down the

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days hours minutes and seconds until the

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next man and the first woman will set

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foot on the South Pole of the moon so to

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learn more about that you can go to

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nasa.gov slash artemis so should we get

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right into it yeah should we see some

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cards yes okay so our first category is

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everyday NASA looks so the outfits are

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going to see are things that are

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researchers and engineers wear day to

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day doing their work doing special tests

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you'll see them around

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wearing these things so let's bring out

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our first guest come on out Marybeth hey

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now excellent we'll give you a minute to

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get your tools set there get all tucked

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in and you might have to take off your

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gas mask there so why don't you start by

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introducing yourself to the audience on

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tell us what you do good so my name is

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dr. Mary Beth Wilhelm and I'm a research

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scientist here at NASA and I'm an

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astrobiologist which means I study the

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origin of life the evolution of it and

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then I search for it elsewhere in our

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solar system so tell us about what

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you're wearing alright so this look is

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what I wear when I'm collecting samples

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in a Mars analog environment on earth so

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because Mars is so far away and it's so

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expensive to get there we often go to

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places on earth that are like Mars so we

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can study certain things about it and

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take things back to our lab and study

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them what kind of environments on earth

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are actually like Mars like what are you

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looking for there right so right now I'm

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studying this place called the Atacama

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Desert in Chile and it's one of the

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driest places in the world it only rains

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in the region that I visit once per

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decade

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that's absurd wow it's crazy dry like I

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can count the number of plants that I

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saw on one hand during our field trip

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that's so screaming because of that it

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has some of the lowest levels of biomass

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on the entire planet

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so there's very very few living

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organisms there and us humans are very

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dirty yeah and that's why I'm wearing

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the suit because when I'm taking samples

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I don't want to contaminate the samples

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I'm working with right right with your

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own skin cells and whatever exactly of

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them we have a photo don't we I think so

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yeah very best in the Atacama all right

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so that's what we're seeing here right

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so this is a me taking a sample from one

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of the driest places on the planet and

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here I'm trying to study the extreme

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limits of life and then trying to

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understand whether any remnant

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of life get preserved in the fossil

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record Wow so you're talking about

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lifelike bacteria and things like that

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yeah exactly microscopic life okay so

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we're looking for the chemical evidence

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of life that gets preserved in the rock

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record and specifically I'm studying a

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type of molecule called lipid alipin

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some fats which we love to eat obviously

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yes and the cool thing about lipids is

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that they're extremely well preserved in

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the fossil record so if you look back at

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the very oldest rocks on earth and

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you're looking for evidence of life you

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can still find some of the lipid

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molecules from those organisms that

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lived in those environments the first

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life on Earth yeah and find traces of it

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okay well that's still around yeah

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anything and so like when we're thinking

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about what we want to look for on Mars

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we want to try to target these types of

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molecules they can live for that can

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that can stick around for long long

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periods of time because Mars used to

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have really nice conditions for life but

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like three billion years ago

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okay used to have a sphere and yeah like

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would water on the surface and so we

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have to look for the remainder of what

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might have lived on Mars right right if

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there were any little micro part of them

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would survive that long that's what

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you're looking for you know have you use

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your tools here yeah okay so like I'm

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kind of a cool hybrid scientist so I do

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a mix of geology and biochemistry so I

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have my handy rock hammer mm-hmm so I

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can break open the rocks and then

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further really for the really tricky

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samples we have a this is a drill string

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so you can see like I have some of the

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atacama still stuck on yeah I see the

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red dust on there and then once we get

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this stuff out of the rock we'll put it

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in our sample jar out in the desert your

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desert being soil samples and you get it

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in the bottle there these are some

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really cool samples that I collected

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from an ancient salt flat so this is a

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probably about a few million years old

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and you can see some of that black stuff

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in there those are some of the remnants

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of the life that lived and there's a

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body of water that formed this

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assault yeah this is a milky result yeah

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yeah so this took a couple drills to get

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out so what do you guys do with

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assembles when you bring them back to

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the lab right yeah we take back all the

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samples were interested in and then I

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take them to my biochemistry lab here at

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NASA and we dissolve the rock and we

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pull out all of the chemicals and then

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we study them with analytical

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instruments that tell us a lot about the

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sample like what who it is what it might

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have eaten like no source information so

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we'll spend years studying a particular

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site and I did my whole PhD in the

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atacama so I've worn these suits for a

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long time oh you learned to love the

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heat I guess yeah yeah like a few years

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ago and we went like the ground

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temperatures were like well over a

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hundred degrees so yeah I know and

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think it's ever been care uh ever been

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seen before maybe maybe a long time ago

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there may have been I'd have to look

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back at the literature but right now no

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Mars is one big giant desert and

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actually for comparison the Atacama is a

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thousand times wetter than than Mars and

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it's a surface of Mars okay so the

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driest place on or driest place on earth

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thousands a wetter thousand times wetter

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so it's like comparing the driest place

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on earth to the Amazon that's the Delta

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ah ha ha Mars is extremely dry Wow but

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but it's the best place you can practice

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on earth it's a really good place to

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practice standing ok let me get through

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some more there's probably five in line

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for you here Speed Racer

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2:16 what material is the suit made of

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and does it keep cool so the suit does

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not keep cool at all and their special

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clean suits so like when you buy them

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there's very few microbes on it and it

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keeps all of your microbes on the inside

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and humans actually will emit about a

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million particles per hour and that's

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like after showering we're really yeah

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exactly

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we're just shedding shedding bacteria

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and organic molecules all the time so

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you can imagine if you're studying a

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sample that has maybe only a few hundred

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cells that a million cells is going to

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be like totally overwhelmed my friends

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you don't want to take that back to your

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lab and then analyze yourself like that

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right yeah let's see if you can give us

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a number for this Bala Sparkle asks is

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there a percentage of how much less

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microscopic life there is in that desert

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compared to an average environment yeah

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so in an average environment like if you

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took like a the same amount of seawater

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you'd probably find about a million

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bacteria and compare that to the driest

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place in the Atacama where you only find

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about a hundred so it's significant

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that's ridiculous well we have a

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question here from Z track how did you

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get a degree in this how did you what

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was your journey to become a scientist

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yeah scientist out you are I've loved

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geology since I was in first grade and I

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loved space too and I actually got an

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internship here when I was in high

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school and then

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I went to college and I studied geology

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and planetary science and then I went on

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to get my PhD and Earth and Atmospheric

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Sciences with a focus on biochemistry oh

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yeah but I think a lot about being a

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student is about being self-motivated

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and coming up with a set of questions

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that you're really interested in

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answering and then learning whatever you

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need to learn to pursue those questions

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whether that's geology or physics or

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chemistry or biology or even English and

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gosh I'll tell you being at NASA a lot

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of what I do is writing yeah yeah so

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there's no one right path it's know

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there's follow what you want to do and

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do whatever you need to do exactly let's

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take a couple quick ones and eman says

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working at NASA is awesome it certainly

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sounds it if you're Mary Beth um ian is

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a d-bag so she's wearing her work outfit

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is his question so to clarify yes indeed

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you do work in this yeah so this is what

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I wear when I'm doing fieldwork in the

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atacama but actually I did do some work

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once in this on ancient DNA laboratory

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where people have to wear suits like

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this probably even more restrictive with

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complete coveralls every day while

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they're doing extractions from really

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precious samples they don't want to

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contaminate okay yeah alright so yes

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this is Mary Beth's real work outfit but

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00:11:28,650 --> 00:11:25,780
if you want this to be your Halloween

272
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costume can you help us figure out some

273
00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:29,760
ways we could recreate this look

274
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absolutely I think it's gonna take a

275
00:11:38,550 --> 00:11:36,000
good trip to the hardware store yeah

276
00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:38,560
yeah a lot of what I'm actually from the

277
00:11:43,170 --> 00:11:40,450
hardware store really yeah yeah it makes

278
00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:43,180
sense it's all the same stuff yeah yeah

279
00:11:48,540 --> 00:11:44,800
yeah give me your hands dirty out there

280
00:11:50,670 --> 00:11:48,550
for sure right well awesome thank you

281
00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:50,680
yes answering questions we're gonna

282
00:11:56,670 --> 00:11:53,050
bring you back later on for the voting

283
00:12:00,330 --> 00:11:56,680
so good but thank you for bringing your

284
00:12:03,140 --> 00:12:00,340
samples and your tools and we will see

285
00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:03,150
you in a bit all right thanks guys hey

286
00:12:06,810 --> 00:12:04,330
cool

287
00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:06,820
pretty impressive yes but you know

288
00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:09,250
doable I feel like I've could put

289
00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:11,170
together that costume yeah it might be

290
00:12:16,800 --> 00:12:12,970
Mary Beth one day you know for one day

291
00:12:18,830 --> 00:12:16,810
why not don't ya think he's wanted to be

292
00:12:20,350 --> 00:12:18,840
Mary Beth yeah Halloween is grade-a

293
00:12:23,889 --> 00:12:20,360
awesome already

294
00:12:27,020 --> 00:12:23,899
move on to our next contender up next we

295
00:12:40,780 --> 00:12:27,030
have Chuck come on out Chuck

296
00:12:45,940 --> 00:12:43,540
some gloves and dirts and gloves and

297
00:12:47,710 --> 00:12:45,950
girls feel free to come right on up to

298
00:12:51,819 --> 00:12:47,720
the table over here those chairs are

299
00:12:54,430 --> 00:12:51,829
hard to tuck in go ahead tell us your

300
00:12:56,350 --> 00:12:54,440
name and what you do sure my name is

301
00:12:58,000 --> 00:12:56,360
Chuck Cornelison I'm a mechanical

302
00:13:00,030 --> 00:12:58,010
engineer and I work in the ballistic

303
00:13:02,259 --> 00:13:00,040
ranges here at Ames Research Center

304
00:13:04,329 --> 00:13:02,269
sounds quite interesting we'll hear more

305
00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:04,339
about that in a second tell us what

306
00:13:09,699 --> 00:13:07,370
you're wearing I'm wearing basically the

307
00:13:11,410 --> 00:13:09,709
standard attire we wear when we're

308
00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:11,420
conducting experiments in the ballistic

309
00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:13,970
ranges it's a it's a fun place to work

310
00:13:17,980 --> 00:13:15,680
but it can be quite dirty so we

311
00:13:20,980 --> 00:13:17,990
typically wear lab coats protect our

312
00:13:23,860 --> 00:13:20,990
clothes mm-hmm we typically handle

313
00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:23,870
explosives and in various hazardous

314
00:13:26,290 --> 00:13:25,490
materials so we have the safety

315
00:13:29,290 --> 00:13:26,300
accoutrements

316
00:13:30,519 --> 00:13:29,300
you know yes all these things yeah you

317
00:13:32,019 --> 00:13:30,529
want to go home with the same number of

318
00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:32,029
fingers and eyebrows that you come in

319
00:13:36,069 --> 00:13:34,430
with so goal so this is yeah standard

320
00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:36,079
ballistic range attire it's been

321
00:13:42,370 --> 00:13:39,250
approved by Ralph Lauren I believe

322
00:13:44,350 --> 00:13:42,380
designer lab that's right okay so you're

323
00:13:46,900 --> 00:13:44,360
dirty and you work with explosives what

324
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:46,910
exactly is going on good range

325
00:13:50,079 --> 00:13:48,170
well the ballistic ranges there is

326
00:13:51,490 --> 00:13:50,089
actually two facilities within the

327
00:13:53,860 --> 00:13:51,500
ballistic range complex that are

328
00:13:56,110 --> 00:13:53,870
currently active one of them is called

329
00:13:57,819 --> 00:13:56,120
the Ames vertical gun range and what we

330
00:14:00,370 --> 00:13:57,829
do there is we use a large gun to shoot

331
00:14:02,199 --> 00:14:00,380
high speed projectiles into targets to

332
00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:02,209
simulate what happens when an asteroid

333
00:14:05,889 --> 00:14:04,130
or a meteor impacts a planet or moon

334
00:14:09,160 --> 00:14:05,899
surface we observed the formation of the

335
00:14:11,050 --> 00:14:09,170
crater where the debris goes etc in fact

336
00:14:15,160 --> 00:14:11,060
I've got a a brief video that

337
00:14:17,050 --> 00:14:15,170
demonstrates that there is the blue

338
00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:17,060
chambers where we place our targets and

339
00:14:21,100 --> 00:14:18,560
adjust the environment according to

340
00:14:23,410 --> 00:14:21,110
whatever conditions were trying to

341
00:14:25,840 --> 00:14:23,420
simulate the orange section was our gun

342
00:14:29,019 --> 00:14:25,850
beam there's a nice impact you see the

343
00:14:31,210 --> 00:14:29,029
the create the debris curtain evolving

344
00:14:33,010 --> 00:14:31,220
and his materials being excavated and as

345
00:14:37,690 --> 00:14:33,020
soon as the smoke clears while

346
00:14:40,540 --> 00:14:37,700
there you go there's the crater regular

347
00:14:42,730 --> 00:14:40,550
gun no no it's not not a typical gun

348
00:14:44,860 --> 00:14:42,740
it's it's what we use is what's called a

349
00:14:47,290 --> 00:14:44,870
two-stage light gas gun and the way it

350
00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:47,300
operates is you you use gunpowder to

351
00:14:51,090 --> 00:14:49,730
shoot a piston down a tube that's filled

352
00:14:53,170 --> 00:14:51,100
with hydrogen and as the piston

353
00:14:56,020 --> 00:14:53,180
traverses the tube it compresses the

354
00:14:58,170 --> 00:14:56,030
hydrogen to extreme pressure tens of

355
00:15:00,550 --> 00:14:58,180
thousands of pounds per square inch and

356
00:15:02,380 --> 00:15:00,560
we then use that high pressure hydrogen

357
00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:02,390
as our propellant medium or what we use

358
00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:05,510
to launch the bullet out of our gun

359
00:15:09,130 --> 00:15:07,490
barrel and the reason we do that is you

360
00:15:12,430 --> 00:15:09,140
can get much higher velocities than you

361
00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:12,440
can with a standard gun our guns in the

362
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:14,690
range complex top out at about eight

363
00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:17,170
kilometers per second which is roughly

364
00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:19,730
18,000 miles per hour or think this way

365
00:15:22,930 --> 00:15:21,080
if you're traveling that speed you could

366
00:15:24,270 --> 00:15:22,940
fly from San Francisco to New York in

367
00:15:26,860 --> 00:15:24,280
about 10 minutes

368
00:15:35,890 --> 00:15:26,870
fun fact for you we are in fact the

369
00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:35,900
fastest gun in the West I know you have

370
00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:37,370
you have another one yeah one here that

371
00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:40,010
is we we have some hellos for you okay

372
00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:43,370
just jump into the chat here as dad's x3

373
00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:47,210
hey Chuck hello caps big hello

374
00:15:52,870 --> 00:15:49,610
Speed Racer 216 are those mechanics

375
00:15:55,090 --> 00:15:52,880
gloves I love those gloves yeah we have

376
00:15:56,860 --> 00:15:55,100
various types of gloves on often you

377
00:16:00,070 --> 00:15:56,870
know depending on what we're trying to

378
00:16:03,580 --> 00:16:00,080
do some of them have this you know Geico

379
00:16:05,110 --> 00:16:03,590
gecko like texture yes in addition to

380
00:16:09,070 --> 00:16:05,120
working in the ballistic ranges I can

381
00:16:10,810 --> 00:16:09,080
save you 50% on your contract it's we

382
00:16:12,490 --> 00:16:10,820
have text you know to improve manual

383
00:16:14,590 --> 00:16:12,500
dexterity depending on what what you're

384
00:16:15,790 --> 00:16:14,600
doing thank you yeah and in what sort of

385
00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:15,800
chemicals you're working with because

386
00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:17,570
you want to protect your ear skin and

387
00:16:25,630 --> 00:16:20,810
whatnot from acetone akule sleepy

388
00:16:27,790 --> 00:16:25,640
underscore Jerry so cool Jerry and I

389
00:16:29,050 --> 00:16:27,800
know we're gonna hear more about the

390
00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:29,060
other facilities so let's do that first

391
00:16:31,810 --> 00:16:30,290
sure let's see if you answer some of

392
00:16:34,750 --> 00:16:31,820
these questions okay that the vertical

393
00:16:37,030 --> 00:16:34,760
gun that was range number one thank

394
00:16:39,220 --> 00:16:37,040
hypervelocity impact testing the other

395
00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:39,230
facilities called the hypervelocity free

396
00:16:44,050 --> 00:16:41,570
flight facility we use the same sort of

397
00:16:46,390 --> 00:16:44,060
gun technology but rather than looking

398
00:16:48,610 --> 00:16:46,400
at the impact we shoot small scale

399
00:16:51,700 --> 00:16:48,620
models planetary entry vehicles down a

400
00:16:53,740 --> 00:16:51,710
long flight corridor we take a lot of

401
00:16:55,990 --> 00:16:53,750
pictures of them as they fly to to map

402
00:16:57,940 --> 00:16:56,000
out the trajectory and from that

403
00:17:00,430 --> 00:16:57,950
information we can infer the aerodynamic

404
00:17:02,890 --> 00:17:00,440
characteristics of these planetary entry

405
00:17:07,260 --> 00:17:02,900
vehicles and I have one right here yeah

406
00:17:09,579 --> 00:17:07,270
yes this is a picture of one of the

407
00:17:12,370 --> 00:17:09,589
models that we've we've shot over the

408
00:17:13,990 --> 00:17:12,380
years now it may look like some sort of

409
00:17:15,579 --> 00:17:14,000
a drawer pole that you would buy at Home

410
00:17:18,040 --> 00:17:15,589
Depot you know for five bucks but I

411
00:17:20,890 --> 00:17:18,050
assure you this is actually a precise

412
00:17:24,250 --> 00:17:20,900
scale model of the Orion capsule yeah

413
00:17:26,410 --> 00:17:24,260
and so we do have a video of one of

414
00:17:29,140 --> 00:17:26,420
these tests these arrow ballistic tests

415
00:17:31,090 --> 00:17:29,150
let's have a look there you go there's

416
00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:31,100
the test section notice all the windows

417
00:17:34,900 --> 00:17:32,930
that's one of the reasons you get dirty

418
00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:34,910
you have 64 windows to clean after every

419
00:17:39,850 --> 00:17:38,210
test and we launched the models here's

420
00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:39,860
that here's a video of a model in flight

421
00:17:45,520 --> 00:17:43,280
and we take 32 still images from which

422
00:17:48,220 --> 00:17:45,530
we can map out the trajectory and one

423
00:17:49,900 --> 00:17:48,230
thing that was enough blaze of glory I

424
00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:49,910
didn't blaze you can see it's turning

425
00:17:52,540 --> 00:17:51,410
there yeah yeah what one thing that was

426
00:17:55,060 --> 00:17:52,550
kind of cool from that video you

427
00:17:57,040 --> 00:17:55,070
probably noticed was the gas cap in

428
00:17:58,420 --> 00:17:57,050
front of the model was was glowing and

429
00:18:00,810 --> 00:17:58,430
even though we were simulating flight

430
00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:00,820
you know way up high in the atmosphere

431
00:18:06,550 --> 00:18:04,250
where it's fairly thin and not a lot of

432
00:18:08,500 --> 00:18:06,560
air molecules the fact you're traveling

433
00:18:10,090 --> 00:18:08,510
say 25 times the speed of sound you're

434
00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:10,100
still compressing and heating this gas

435
00:18:13,870 --> 00:18:11,840
to extreme temperatures and that's what

436
00:18:15,790 --> 00:18:13,880
causes it to glow like that which is a

437
00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:15,800
nice visual indication of why you need

438
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:17,210
to have a heat shield on your vehicle

439
00:18:20,890 --> 00:18:18,320
when you're entering a planisphere

440
00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:20,900
that's a wise precaution so that that's

441
00:18:27,310 --> 00:18:23,450
the that's the free flight range it's

442
00:18:29,740 --> 00:18:27,320
it's geared towards aerodynamics we've

443
00:18:34,180 --> 00:18:29,750
been in business or that facility not me

444
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:34,190
but he's been business since mid 60s it

445
00:18:38,350 --> 00:18:36,050
started off supporting Apollo and

446
00:18:40,390 --> 00:18:38,360
virtually with just a few exceptions

447
00:18:42,700 --> 00:18:40,400
every NASA probe that's entered a

448
00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:42,710
planet's atmosphere has had some sort of

449
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:44,810
testing done in the ballistic range

450
00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:47,600
combat names we've also been involved

451
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:49,490
with some private industries such as

452
00:18:55,120 --> 00:18:52,010
SpaceX Dragon capsule and Blue Origin

453
00:18:57,310 --> 00:18:55,130
the new Shepherd capsule so basically my

454
00:18:59,360 --> 00:18:57,320
team and I we we provide a testing

455
00:19:00,560 --> 00:18:59,370
service we we operate the facility

456
00:19:03,050 --> 00:19:00,570
conduct the test for visiting

457
00:19:04,460 --> 00:19:03,060
researchers who pay for access and then

458
00:19:06,110 --> 00:19:04,470
we delivered the data and then they go

459
00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:06,120
off publish their papers whatever yeah

460
00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:09,090
so in that sense we really are a gun for

461
00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:18,720
hire I should have dressed like Clint

462
00:19:32,450 --> 00:19:26,730
Eastwood benefi intro for him - that's

463
00:19:35,210 --> 00:19:32,460
right cowboy music yeah next year I

464
00:19:42,100 --> 00:19:35,220
can't wait I some more questions for you

465
00:19:48,380 --> 00:19:44,990
how third of us again do you use lasers

466
00:19:51,140 --> 00:19:48,390
no yes do you use lasers oh we do use

467
00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:51,150
lasers for various applications for

468
00:19:55,490 --> 00:19:53,280
example in the vertical gun range we use

469
00:19:58,550 --> 00:19:55,500
lasers for our model detection system

470
00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:58,560
that is - we have laser light sheets at

471
00:20:02,740 --> 00:20:00,720
specific distances and when the particle

472
00:20:05,690 --> 00:20:02,750
passes through these beams they stop

473
00:20:07,310 --> 00:20:05,700
timers so knowing the time elapsed and

474
00:20:09,410 --> 00:20:07,320
the distance traveled you can then

475
00:20:10,820 --> 00:20:09,420
calculate the velocity so that that's

476
00:20:12,950 --> 00:20:10,830
how we measure the velocity of the

477
00:20:14,140 --> 00:20:12,960
particle so that's one application thank

478
00:20:17,450 --> 00:20:14,150
you sir

479
00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:17,460
I'll stick 6es --cz is the gun test

480
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:22,440
performed in a vacuum yes both for both

481
00:20:26,150 --> 00:20:24,000
facilities actually they're their vacuum

482
00:20:28,220 --> 00:20:26,160
chamber so you can you can pump the

483
00:20:29,960 --> 00:20:28,230
pressure way down and the protocol gun

484
00:20:32,060 --> 00:20:29,970
you can simulate impact on an airless

485
00:20:33,830 --> 00:20:32,070
body or you can backfill with different

486
00:20:36,080 --> 00:20:33,840
test gasses if let's say if you're

487
00:20:37,760 --> 00:20:36,090
simulating an impact on Mars for example

488
00:20:39,980 --> 00:20:37,770
you can put a low level of carbon

489
00:20:42,470 --> 00:20:39,990
dioxide in there so we we can test it

490
00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:42,480
vacuum or in variable gases for

491
00:20:50,360 --> 00:20:47,850
different atmospheres as death x3 says

492
00:20:50,990 --> 00:20:50,370
our acts what is the craziest experiment

493
00:20:55,070 --> 00:20:51,000
you've ever done

494
00:20:58,310 --> 00:20:55,080
ooh craziest well let's see there's a

495
00:21:00,020 --> 00:20:58,320
couple that come to mind one that was

496
00:21:01,720 --> 00:21:00,030
fun this was a couple decades ago we

497
00:21:05,870 --> 00:21:01,730
were we had a researcher who is

498
00:21:07,070 --> 00:21:05,880
simulating the impact that we believe

499
00:21:09,930 --> 00:21:07,080
triggered the extinction of the

500
00:21:12,870 --> 00:21:09,940
dinosaurs 65 million years ago yes

501
00:21:15,300 --> 00:21:12,880
mount ever sized asteroid that slammed

502
00:21:17,460 --> 00:21:15,310
into just off the coast of the Yucatan

503
00:21:19,980 --> 00:21:17,470
and caused a big crater and so that was

504
00:21:22,980 --> 00:21:19,990
that was a very cool project because

505
00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:22,990
what he demonstrated was if the impactor

506
00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:24,850
comes straight in normal to the earth

507
00:21:29,100 --> 00:21:26,530
most of the ejected material would have

508
00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:29,110
gone straight back up out into space but

509
00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:30,610
looking at the shape of the crater and

510
00:21:35,460 --> 00:21:33,130
the iridium deposits that came from the

511
00:21:37,650 --> 00:21:35,470
impact or the way they're scattered

512
00:21:39,510 --> 00:21:37,660
across the earth it would indicate that

513
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:39,520
it came in at a very shallow angle and

514
00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:41,530
because of that you had this wall of

515
00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:43,780
destruction of material going into the

516
00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:45,250
northern hemisphere and then a lot of

517
00:21:49,110 --> 00:21:46,510
stuff getting a trained in the

518
00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:49,120
atmosphere that cause dramatic climatic

519
00:21:53,940 --> 00:21:51,130
changes so what he was showing was that

520
00:21:55,350 --> 00:21:53,950
you know if we might we might not be

521
00:21:56,790 --> 00:21:55,360
here in dinosaurs might still be around

522
00:22:01,200 --> 00:21:56,800
if it had come in in a different angle

523
00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:01,210
you know say that's a great example I

524
00:22:07,860 --> 00:22:06,640
know right spacecraft a dinosaur we're

525
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:07,870
gonna have to let you go really soon but

526
00:22:12,120 --> 00:22:09,850
there two more good questions so we'll

527
00:22:15,330 --> 00:22:12,130
do a rapid-fire thing here Nikki cakes

528
00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:15,340
ask can we shoot a spacecraft at another

529
00:22:19,980 --> 00:22:16,960
planet or towards another planet instead

530
00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:19,990
of using rockets well from from the

531
00:22:22,710 --> 00:22:21,370
surface of Earth that would be very

532
00:22:24,570 --> 00:22:22,720
difficult because you know you've got

533
00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:24,580
gravity and you've got the atmosphere to

534
00:22:30,390 --> 00:22:26,650
get through and so they've been trying

535
00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:30,400
to use like guns to launch satellites

536
00:22:37,650 --> 00:22:32,700
into space and it's really not a very

537
00:22:39,270 --> 00:22:37,660
feasible means of doing so maybe if you

538
00:22:41,100 --> 00:22:39,280
built something you know that's an

539
00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:41,110
orbital platform and launched it from

540
00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:42,610
there that might be a good way to get it

541
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:44,410
there but from the surface of planet

542
00:22:53,370 --> 00:22:49,570
that too much yeah you don't take the

543
00:22:57,960 --> 00:22:53,380
last women ah yes so we have scary crazy

544
00:23:00,720 --> 00:22:57,970
butter knife check have you done any

545
00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:00,730
impact or microscopic impact testing on

546
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:01,570
spacecraft

547
00:23:07,320 --> 00:23:05,770
yes yes we have the Cassini mission Mars

548
00:23:10,100 --> 00:23:07,330
rovers and when we looked at some

549
00:23:13,410 --> 00:23:10,110
vehicle survivability or vulnerability

550
00:23:15,030 --> 00:23:13,420
tests where we took JPL came to us with

551
00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:15,040
certain components of the spacecraft

552
00:23:18,840 --> 00:23:16,360
they were concerned about see if they

553
00:23:21,310 --> 00:23:18,850
had adequate shielding so we replicated

554
00:23:22,860 --> 00:23:21,320
micrometeoroid impacts on those compared

555
00:23:25,860 --> 00:23:22,870
so you can so they could get a better

556
00:23:28,930 --> 00:23:25,870
probabilistic model of what sort of

557
00:23:31,450 --> 00:23:28,940
survivability of the vehicle or how

558
00:23:33,670 --> 00:23:31,460
likely with this vehicle survive getting

559
00:23:35,950 --> 00:23:33,680
to its destination so we have done some

560
00:23:38,800 --> 00:23:35,960
micrometeoroid the impact tests on

561
00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:38,810
spacecraft do so many different kinds of

562
00:23:46,990 --> 00:23:43,520
things in there cool well thank you for

563
00:23:48,550 --> 00:23:47,000
coming sure all this you get out of here

564
00:23:50,860 --> 00:23:48,560
for now and we're gonna invite you back

565
00:23:55,330 --> 00:23:50,870
later when it's time to vote okay all

566
00:23:59,020 --> 00:23:55,340
right did you know half of that stuff

567
00:24:01,060 --> 00:23:59,030
nope I knew it I knew they did the

568
00:24:04,930 --> 00:24:01,070
impact crater formation with the

569
00:24:09,550 --> 00:24:04,940
dinosaurs so cool who never think like

570
00:24:11,740 --> 00:24:09,560
so much on the show I know so let's move

571
00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:11,750
on and learn some more from our next

572
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:26,170
guest yeah come on out Lindley glasses

573
00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:31,010
cool necessary see welcome scoot right

574
00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:33,170
in there yeah get nice and close to the

575
00:24:37,540 --> 00:24:35,690
mic all right so why don't you tell

576
00:24:37,870 --> 00:24:37,550
everybody your name and what you do here

577
00:24:40,330 --> 00:24:37,880
at Ames

578
00:24:42,010 --> 00:24:40,340
so I'm Lyn listen George and I am an

579
00:24:44,950 --> 00:24:42,020
intern here at Ames working with the

580
00:24:47,610 --> 00:24:44,960
intelligent robotics group creating 3d

581
00:24:49,780 --> 00:24:47,620
visualizations using novel media

582
00:24:51,690 --> 00:24:49,790
particularly of geological and

583
00:24:54,310 --> 00:24:51,700
geospatial data oh wow

584
00:24:56,950 --> 00:24:54,320
all right well we're gonna hear more

585
00:25:00,370 --> 00:24:56,960
about that I hope describe for us your

586
00:25:02,740 --> 00:25:00,380
attire today so I'm dressed as a regular

587
00:25:04,750 --> 00:25:02,750
intern in my normal everyday outfit so

588
00:25:22,610 --> 00:25:04,760
we get a lot of personal expression with

589
00:25:27,649 --> 00:25:24,140
that's a little bit about what you're

590
00:25:30,490 --> 00:25:27,659
working on 3d printers 3d glasses what

591
00:25:33,350 --> 00:25:30,500
are you working on so I work on creating

592
00:25:36,620 --> 00:25:33,360
3d visualizations including our 3d

593
00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:36,630
printed models maybe if you hold that

594
00:25:42,649 --> 00:25:38,880
still there yes we could get a close-up

595
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:42,659
on a 3d printed model of what so this is

596
00:25:48,980 --> 00:25:47,010
a bore hole drilled by curiosity and it

597
00:25:51,919 --> 00:25:48,990
was create this 3d model was created

598
00:25:55,220 --> 00:25:51,929
from stereoscopic images that it took of

599
00:25:57,470 --> 00:25:55,230
that borehole angle okay the rover on

600
00:25:59,899 --> 00:25:57,480
Mars is drilling it's drilling a bore

601
00:26:02,539 --> 00:25:59,909
holes to see if it can get samples from

602
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:02,549
I believe they're called mud stones to

603
00:26:07,610 --> 00:26:05,010
see what kind of chemicals and if

604
00:26:11,210 --> 00:26:07,620
there's any proteins or anything sort of

605
00:26:12,409 --> 00:26:11,220
like in the in those rocks and so

606
00:26:15,380 --> 00:26:12,419
curiosity Rover's in Gale Crater

607
00:26:17,090 --> 00:26:15,390
creating these balls and taking

608
00:26:18,919 --> 00:26:17,100
stereoscopic images which are images

609
00:26:21,799 --> 00:26:18,929
from two angles and from that you can

610
00:26:23,149 --> 00:26:21,809
create this is an incomplete 3d mesh so

611
00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:23,159
if you hold it the right angle there's

612
00:26:27,620 --> 00:26:24,690
actually little holes in the bottom and

613
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:27,630
then fixing those holes and seeing the

614
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:29,490
best ways to take photos to get complete

615
00:26:35,690 --> 00:26:33,360
meshes as hard of what I do but mostly

616
00:26:39,380 --> 00:26:35,700
what I do is I take various stereoscopic

617
00:26:42,289 --> 00:26:39,390
images and use 3d printing and Holograms

618
00:26:44,750 --> 00:26:42,299
and augmented reality to see what types

619
00:26:46,669 --> 00:26:44,760
of visualizations we can make in the

620
00:26:49,130 --> 00:26:46,679
hopes that scientists who we can't just

621
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:49,140
casually drop off on Mars you can make

622
00:26:53,389 --> 00:26:51,570
earth-like observations so observations

623
00:26:55,820 --> 00:26:53,399
like Mary Beth earlier was making in the

624
00:26:58,909 --> 00:26:55,830
desert using just these images that

625
00:27:00,889 --> 00:26:58,919
we've collected from Mars Wow okay right

626
00:27:02,630 --> 00:27:00,899
so scientists on earth could be yeah

627
00:27:04,460 --> 00:27:02,640
watching what can be watching through

628
00:27:07,190 --> 00:27:04,470
the rover and making yeah correct

629
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:07,200
scientific observation awesome yeah so

630
00:27:10,130 --> 00:27:08,610
you're you're just getting started in

631
00:27:11,450 --> 00:27:10,140
your internship and you're showing us

632
00:27:14,810 --> 00:27:11,460
some examples of the kinds of work that

633
00:27:17,330 --> 00:27:14,820
you're gonna be yeah this is just a test

634
00:27:19,820 --> 00:27:17,340
print we're doing things like creating

635
00:27:21,889 --> 00:27:19,830
multi material multicolored prints that

636
00:27:23,720 --> 00:27:21,899
will have more realistic effects oh cool

637
00:27:26,360 --> 00:27:23,730
and one of the things that we're most

638
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:26,370
focused on is realistic optical effects

639
00:27:31,430 --> 00:27:28,890
because it's very difficult in just a

640
00:27:34,360 --> 00:27:31,440
flat two-dimensional photo to see sort

641
00:27:36,050 --> 00:27:34,370
of what kind of specularity or shininess

642
00:27:37,550 --> 00:27:36,060
essentially earth

643
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:37,560
the rocks are exhibiting which is a very

644
00:27:57,430 --> 00:27:57,220
the couple of images you have the kinds

645
00:28:00,879 --> 00:27:57,440
of

646
00:28:03,129 --> 00:28:00,889
that I work with so I have here a 3d

647
00:28:09,450 --> 00:28:03,139
image of Mars taken by curiosity yes

648
00:28:13,899 --> 00:28:12,399
glasses you can see it in 3d if any of

649
00:28:17,560 --> 00:28:13,909
you at home casually have some of these

650
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:17,570
lying around from from your favorite 90s

651
00:28:25,980 --> 00:28:22,610
movies as a kid is Mount sharp seen

652
00:28:30,639 --> 00:28:25,990
through curiosity's navigation camera

653
00:28:31,990 --> 00:28:30,649
with just this 3d layer of rocks in

654
00:28:33,519 --> 00:28:32,000
front of it that you can see kind of

655
00:28:37,690 --> 00:28:33,529
coming out of the screen again we're

656
00:28:39,310 --> 00:28:37,700
gonna write really are yeah so it it

657
00:28:41,470 --> 00:28:39,320
really shows you how different it is

658
00:28:43,409 --> 00:28:41,480
observing in 3d versus two days right

659
00:28:47,950 --> 00:28:43,419
right all the difference that could make

660
00:28:50,139 --> 00:28:47,960
yeah observing this way fantastic and is

661
00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:50,149
there another one there is another one

662
00:28:54,159 --> 00:28:53,090
3d image of Mars taken from orbit I see

663
00:29:00,909 --> 00:28:54,169
yes

664
00:29:03,460 --> 00:29:00,919
fellas nice and Welsh name which is one

665
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:03,470
of the oldest valleys on Mars and this

666
00:29:06,850 --> 00:29:05,120
was taken from orbit I believe because

667
00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:06,860
they were scouting it as a possible

668
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:08,330
landing site okay

669
00:29:13,269 --> 00:29:10,730
and it also shows that really intense

670
00:29:16,269 --> 00:29:13,279
sort of jaggedness of the rocks when you

671
00:29:18,580 --> 00:29:16,279
look at it in three days yep and these

672
00:29:20,710 --> 00:29:18,590
these images are available on NASA's

673
00:29:22,090 --> 00:29:20,720
website if any of you at home want to

674
00:29:25,090 --> 00:29:22,100
nip out and get yourself some of these

675
00:29:26,850 --> 00:29:25,100
for later today I'm just gonna wear

676
00:29:31,539 --> 00:29:26,860
these for the rest of the show I think

677
00:29:32,680 --> 00:29:31,549
good luck yeah and very cheap so great

678
00:29:36,899 --> 00:29:32,690
for making your own costume at home

679
00:29:41,980 --> 00:29:38,950
sure is tie up your hair and get

680
00:29:43,899 --> 00:29:41,990
yourself a pair of 3d losses how long

681
00:29:45,220 --> 00:29:43,909
have you been an intern here so I've

682
00:29:47,409 --> 00:29:45,230
been an intern here for eight and a half

683
00:29:49,810 --> 00:29:47,419
weeks and I'm here for another seven and

684
00:29:52,389 --> 00:29:49,820
a half so standard 16 week autumn

685
00:29:56,499 --> 00:29:52,399
internship yeah you guys get to work and

686
00:29:57,789 --> 00:29:56,509
you do sort of you get it described to

687
00:29:59,619 --> 00:29:57,799
you is just gonna hit the ground running

688
00:30:00,940 --> 00:29:59,629
and just keep going and then eventually

689
00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:00,950
you'll get to leave but not before you

690
00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:06,330
get it done we've questions and comments

691
00:30:11,899 --> 00:30:09,570
yeah yeah we have a Biff who is asking

692
00:30:15,110 --> 00:30:11,909
what kind of CAD software do you use if

693
00:30:19,310 --> 00:30:15,120
any so we actually work with a variety

694
00:30:21,019 --> 00:30:19,320
of things so we don't do like geometric

695
00:30:22,549 --> 00:30:21,029
CAD style stuff because what we're

696
00:30:24,409 --> 00:30:22,559
working with is very organic forms were

697
00:30:27,769 --> 00:30:24,419
working with meshes and so you can use

698
00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:27,779
tools like mesh mixer what I use

699
00:30:32,090 --> 00:30:29,970
actually varies depending on what I'm

700
00:30:33,590 --> 00:30:32,100
working with in that moment so there's

701
00:30:37,190 --> 00:30:33,600
certain programs that you need to make

702
00:30:39,409 --> 00:30:37,200
STL's for 3d printing we use a Prusa

703
00:30:43,639 --> 00:30:39,419
printer but there are different types

704
00:30:45,470 --> 00:30:43,649
and I also use mesh mixer combined with

705
00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:45,480
unity for some of my augmented reality

706
00:30:49,850 --> 00:30:47,250
stuff so there's lots of different

707
00:30:52,970 --> 00:30:49,860
programs that you need to combine to be

708
00:30:55,039 --> 00:30:52,980
able to do related stealthy sumo asks

709
00:30:58,460 --> 00:30:55,049
what kind of 3d printing stereo

710
00:31:01,340 --> 00:30:58,470
lithography yes so this is a fused

711
00:31:03,169 --> 00:31:01,350
deposition modeling it's not stereo

712
00:31:05,350 --> 00:31:03,179
lithography but you can use stereo

713
00:31:08,060 --> 00:31:05,360
lithography to achieve a similar effect

714
00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:08,070
but the texture would come off sort of

715
00:31:18,889 --> 00:31:17,610
almost inverted okay if you have chunks

716
00:31:20,330 --> 00:31:18,899
out of a surface so that when you hold

717
00:31:23,240 --> 00:31:20,340
it up to the light you can look through

718
00:31:24,500 --> 00:31:23,250
it and you can see a 3d image yeah so

719
00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:24,510
you're essentially making pots of a

720
00:31:26,810 --> 00:31:26,490
translucent to look through yeah all

721
00:31:30,500 --> 00:31:26,820
right

722
00:31:36,980 --> 00:31:30,510
a while ago RJ the newb declared that's

723
00:31:41,810 --> 00:31:36,990
awesome doing stuff to do with my

724
00:31:43,940 --> 00:31:41,820
research it's all awesome you could say

725
00:31:49,340 --> 00:31:43,950
yeah how do we get that awesome accent

726
00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:49,350
for our costume so I'm from New Zealand

727
00:31:53,210 --> 00:31:51,330
and I ended up here on a partnership

728
00:31:54,620 --> 00:31:53,220
with the New Zealand government the

729
00:31:56,299 --> 00:31:54,630
Ministry of business innovation and

730
00:31:59,509 --> 00:31:56,309
employment in particular the New Zealand

731
00:32:11,120 --> 00:31:59,519
space administration administration

732
00:32:13,220 --> 00:32:11,130
agency yeah so hang out in New Zealand

733
00:32:17,139 --> 00:32:13,230
for a while really relax your vocal

734
00:32:19,700 --> 00:32:17,149
cords to be a bit more as well

735
00:32:21,470 --> 00:32:19,710
the really key thing if you want to be

736
00:32:24,950 --> 00:32:21,480
an international intern is really

737
00:32:26,629 --> 00:32:24,960
bringing parts of home with you you're

738
00:32:27,710 --> 00:32:26,639
speaking to someone out there Wordsworth

739
00:32:34,639 --> 00:32:27,720
says nice to hear in New Zealand

740
00:32:36,820 --> 00:32:34,649
excellent yes all right we'll have to

741
00:32:40,669 --> 00:32:36,830
move on soon but we have a couple more

742
00:32:42,980 --> 00:32:40,679
if you know this gay Eskimo asks what

743
00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:42,990
clay types are the most common on Mars

744
00:32:48,799 --> 00:32:45,690
do you know I don't know off the top of

745
00:32:52,220 --> 00:32:48,809
my head that is probably something that

746
00:32:54,139 --> 00:32:52,230
that yeah more geologists would know

747
00:32:55,730 --> 00:32:54,149
part of what we're hoping to do in

748
00:32:57,560 --> 00:32:55,740
future with this is partnering with

749
00:32:59,450 --> 00:32:57,570
geologists to find out what is key to

750
00:33:00,500 --> 00:32:59,460
them with their work but one of the

751
00:33:02,810 --> 00:33:00,510
things that you face when you're

752
00:33:04,250 --> 00:33:02,820
designing for scientists is a kind of

753
00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:04,260
what's called like their you know it

754
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:05,970
when you see it problem it's very

755
00:33:10,039 --> 00:33:08,010
difficult to quantify what you're

756
00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:10,049
looking at until you can actually show

757
00:33:16,930 --> 00:33:11,970
it to somebody and be like is this what

758
00:33:22,789 --> 00:33:19,940
updating your designs excellent all

759
00:33:29,269 --> 00:33:22,799
right touching zombies so she uses two

760
00:33:31,639 --> 00:33:29,279
intelligence I would agree RJ the new

761
00:33:33,919 --> 00:33:31,649
best so how many different angled images

762
00:33:37,129 --> 00:33:33,929
of that drill site do you need to be

763
00:33:41,470 --> 00:33:37,139
able to make an accurate 3d model this

764
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:41,480
was just made from two but there's a

765
00:33:46,610 --> 00:33:44,250
method of creating images that involves

766
00:33:49,369 --> 00:33:46,620
taking entire images that are rotated

767
00:33:51,619 --> 00:33:49,379
around a single rock and thinking of

768
00:33:53,510 --> 00:33:51,629
ways to get cameras like that to remote

769
00:33:56,330 --> 00:33:53,520
places is one of the big challenges that

770
00:33:59,029 --> 00:33:56,340
the intelligent robotics group faces yes

771
00:34:01,850 --> 00:33:59,039
just before I go and I plug that you

772
00:34:04,909 --> 00:34:01,860
know if you two want to be an intern

773
00:34:08,359 --> 00:34:04,919
here the website for that is intern acid

774
00:34:10,490 --> 00:34:08,369
gov if you are a domestic intern which

775
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:10,500
is somebody from the US and if you go

776
00:34:14,300 --> 00:34:12,330
there and you are an international

777
00:34:17,349 --> 00:34:14,310
student who's interested in becoming an

778
00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:17,359
intern if you go to the section on

779
00:34:20,649 --> 00:34:18,690
requirements

780
00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:20,659
there's a link to the page for

781
00:34:26,270 --> 00:34:22,530
international interns which has an

782
00:34:29,020 --> 00:34:26,280
incredibly long URL that I know which is

783
00:34:35,510 --> 00:34:29,030
why you have to do it that way that's

784
00:34:37,159 --> 00:34:35,520
all right excellent tip very good yeah I

785
00:34:41,419 --> 00:34:37,169
think we know how to recreate your look

786
00:34:42,889 --> 00:34:41,429
we're gonna take her back bobby pins if

787
00:34:44,569 --> 00:34:42,899
you want to do this because I forgot to

788
00:34:48,020 --> 00:34:44,579
bring some from New Zealand and I had to

789
00:34:49,450 --> 00:34:48,030
borrow some from another antenna always

790
00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:49,460
looking out for each other

791
00:34:58,220 --> 00:34:51,450
all right well we'll see you in a little

792
00:35:01,039 --> 00:34:58,230
bit we'll bring you back alright so yes

793
00:35:03,170 --> 00:35:01,049
in turn dot nasa.gov is where you want

794
00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:03,180
to be yeah and we did a whole episode

795
00:35:08,539 --> 00:35:06,450
about how to become an intern and we met

796
00:35:10,460 --> 00:35:08,549
some interns and some full-time

797
00:35:12,559 --> 00:35:10,470
employees who were once interns so

798
00:35:13,819 --> 00:35:12,569
there's lots of info on that episode if

799
00:35:15,829 --> 00:35:13,829
you wanna look that up interns are

800
00:35:18,680 --> 00:35:15,839
always fun all right well let's keep the

801
00:35:24,849 --> 00:35:18,690
party going let's bring out our next two

802
00:35:24,859 --> 00:35:30,240
wow

803
00:35:42,540 --> 00:35:33,090
[Music]

804
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:42,550
I have not seen me before pull up a

805
00:35:47,160 --> 00:35:46,450
chair party your nurse I'm gonna help

806
00:36:04,200 --> 00:35:47,170
you

807
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:04,210
ruse boom I am an aerospace engineer

808
00:36:08,220 --> 00:36:06,610
here and I am Jennifer Barney and I'm

809
00:36:09,870 --> 00:36:08,230
also an aerospace engineer and Nettie

810
00:36:11,700 --> 00:36:09,880
and I both work in the unitary plan wind

811
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:11,710
tunnel here at Ames the wind tunnels

812
00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:14,320
yeah all right tell us first about what

813
00:36:18,810 --> 00:36:16,690
you're wearing and then both have on

814
00:36:21,780 --> 00:36:18,820
coveralls I am there's nothing really to

815
00:36:23,430 --> 00:36:21,790
the colors we also had two different

816
00:36:25,080 --> 00:36:23,440
kinds of respirators on and the

817
00:36:26,430 --> 00:36:25,090
important part is to protect our lungs

818
00:36:28,530 --> 00:36:26,440
and eyes from the paint that we're using

819
00:36:30,090 --> 00:36:28,540
okay yes all right having some UV

820
00:36:34,110 --> 00:36:30,100
glasses because we also use UV lights

821
00:36:36,270 --> 00:36:34,120
I'm gonna have to hear all about bring

822
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:36,280
up your respirator yes to get a look wow

823
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:38,170
that's best is a full-face respirator

824
00:36:43,350 --> 00:36:40,930
it's serious yeah okay so this is to

825
00:36:45,780 --> 00:36:43,360
protect you while you are painting yes

826
00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:45,790
what are you painting aerospace engineer

827
00:36:49,890 --> 00:36:48,250
is not expected right no it's not

828
00:36:51,330 --> 00:36:49,900
normally aerodynamic models but

829
00:36:55,920 --> 00:36:51,340
specifically I think we have photos of

830
00:37:13,339 --> 00:36:55,930
we are painting rockets hmm cool and

831
00:37:17,150 --> 00:37:15,499
scaled models we put them in these

832
00:37:19,249 --> 00:37:17,160
facilities where the air moves over them

833
00:37:22,609 --> 00:37:19,259
if we could we would watch these ruckus

834
00:37:26,299 --> 00:37:22,619
or aircraft every time all the time yeah

835
00:37:27,499 --> 00:37:26,309
first we have to first we have to model

836
00:37:29,420 --> 00:37:27,509
them and we put them in a controlled

837
00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:29,430
environment like the wind tunnel and we

838
00:37:33,170 --> 00:37:31,170
blow air over them and we measure the

839
00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:33,180
pressure distribution across the model

840
00:37:36,620 --> 00:37:34,650
that's at the heart of what we're

841
00:37:38,539 --> 00:37:36,630
wanting to do most Windtunnel tests okay

842
00:37:45,979 --> 00:37:38,549
right before anybody builds it and tries

843
00:37:48,019 --> 00:37:45,989
to fly it yes the model yeah there's

844
00:37:51,019 --> 00:37:48,029
understanding how it acts under these

845
00:37:52,459 --> 00:37:51,029
controlled environments yeah we have

846
00:37:54,140 --> 00:37:52,469
several wind tunnels here right when we

847
00:38:00,049 --> 00:37:54,150
have the biggest in the world do we not

848
00:38:01,489 --> 00:38:00,059
yes and we have the world's largest but

849
00:38:04,699 --> 00:38:01,499
also the one that we work at it was

850
00:38:06,890 --> 00:38:04,709
built in the 1950s before even NASA was

851
00:38:09,650 --> 00:38:06,900
NASA was under the NACA it has a very

852
00:38:13,099 --> 00:38:09,660
rich history you know the aircraft that

853
00:38:15,319 --> 00:38:13,109
our predecessor the NACA was responsible

854
00:38:16,939 --> 00:38:15,329
for and then all of the the space

855
00:38:19,609 --> 00:38:16,949
missions that have had launch vehicles

856
00:38:22,009 --> 00:38:19,619
and we're screwed missions have been

857
00:38:24,459 --> 00:38:22,019
tested here yeah what a historic place

858
00:38:27,499 --> 00:38:24,469
yeah well okay so you guys are in there

859
00:38:30,769 --> 00:38:27,509
painting is about the paint because that

860
00:38:32,269 --> 00:38:30,779
makes no sense anybody special kind of

861
00:38:34,219 --> 00:38:32,279
paint called pressure sensitive paint

862
00:38:35,809 --> 00:38:34,229
mm-hmm it is a characteristic peak color

863
00:38:37,579 --> 00:38:35,819
because of the chemicals in the paint

864
00:38:39,890 --> 00:38:37,589
but what makes it really special is when

865
00:38:42,799 --> 00:38:39,900
you expose it to UV light it emits or

866
00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:42,809
flores's its own light as well yeah

867
00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:45,930
because we have a picture of one of the

868
00:38:54,349 --> 00:38:50,640
rocket models painted yeah hashtag NASA

869
00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:54,359
power of pink yes there's a you know as

870
00:38:59,269 --> 00:38:56,160
you can see in the photo the the model

871
00:39:00,739 --> 00:38:59,279
to our eyes is pink you see that also

872
00:39:02,569 --> 00:39:00,749
the blue light that's coming around it

873
00:39:05,329 --> 00:39:02,579
that's what Jenny highlighted is that we

874
00:39:08,029 --> 00:39:05,339
have these UV lights look kind of blue

875
00:39:09,979 --> 00:39:08,039
or purplish that's me there in the Test

876
00:39:12,769 --> 00:39:09,989
section so as you can tell this is a

877
00:39:15,019 --> 00:39:12,779
scaled model of a rocket this is the

878
00:39:16,279 --> 00:39:15,029
rocket that is project Artemis this is

879
00:39:18,439 --> 00:39:16,289
going to take the first woman in the

880
00:39:20,239 --> 00:39:18,449
next man to the moon and on on that

881
00:39:22,729 --> 00:39:20,249
picture and there's a place where the

882
00:39:24,490 --> 00:39:22,739
crew will sit and so understanding how

883
00:39:26,650 --> 00:39:24,500
that model

884
00:39:28,900 --> 00:39:26,660
it's designed and how it will be

885
00:39:30,579 --> 00:39:28,910
controlled when it is launched is very

886
00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:30,589
important that's what we do the

887
00:39:34,269 --> 00:39:32,720
extensive studies extensive tests and

888
00:39:36,370 --> 00:39:34,279
now with the pressure-sensitive paint

889
00:39:39,010 --> 00:39:36,380
you know we're sensing that pressure

890
00:39:42,160 --> 00:39:39,020
over the whole vehicle which is that's

891
00:39:43,720 --> 00:39:42,170
that's the new state of the art on what

892
00:39:45,819 --> 00:39:43,730
we're applying to wind tunnel testing oh

893
00:39:46,870 --> 00:39:45,829
yeah how long did it take you to paint

894
00:39:49,150 --> 00:39:46,880
the model

895
00:39:50,740 --> 00:39:49,160
usually a couple hours and we use these

896
00:39:54,099 --> 00:39:50,750
spray guns and that he has model over

897
00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:54,109
here and we apply a primer a base coat

898
00:39:57,099 --> 00:39:55,970
that's white and then a red topcoat

899
00:40:00,220 --> 00:39:57,109
that's very light which is why it gets

900
00:40:03,279 --> 00:40:00,230
that nice pink color awesome I have some

901
00:40:09,130 --> 00:40:03,289
comments here verified ami I'm in awe of

902
00:40:11,079 --> 00:40:09,140
all of you relevant RJ the noob have you

903
00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:11,089
tested any models for the future Artemis

904
00:40:15,490 --> 00:40:13,970
missions you're just saying that

905
00:40:18,519 --> 00:40:15,500
yeah that's what we're doing right now

906
00:40:21,490 --> 00:40:18,529
is testing both for the crude Artemis

907
00:40:23,319 --> 00:40:21,500
missions but also the cargo so they may

908
00:40:24,309 --> 00:40:23,329
be a few images that you'll see on the

909
00:40:25,930 --> 00:40:24,319
internet there are very different

910
00:40:28,779 --> 00:40:25,940
vehicles that you use to move people

911
00:40:31,990 --> 00:40:28,789
because that has a much higher level of

912
00:40:34,210 --> 00:40:32,000
safety to keep people safe but then we

913
00:40:36,430 --> 00:40:34,220
also move you know satellites we move

914
00:40:39,730 --> 00:40:36,440
we're gonna move Rovers we're gonna move

915
00:40:42,569 --> 00:40:39,740
habitats we're gonna mark Landers yeah a

916
00:40:45,849 --> 00:40:42,579
lot of cargo so there's different rocket

917
00:40:48,130 --> 00:40:45,859
nose fairing shapes that we test and we

918
00:40:50,109 --> 00:40:48,140
actually did one very recently yes yes

919
00:40:52,180 --> 00:40:50,119
and so that that's the rocket you're

920
00:40:55,210 --> 00:40:52,190
talking about right which is called yes

921
00:40:57,309 --> 00:40:55,220
this is this one is a SM one space

922
00:40:58,839 --> 00:40:57,319
efficient one but this is yeah also part

923
00:41:01,630 --> 00:40:58,849
of Artemis right and the rocket is the

924
00:41:04,329 --> 00:41:01,640
Space Launch System and we have time

925
00:41:07,390 --> 00:41:04,339
lapse so you guys can see that you can

926
00:41:10,539 --> 00:41:07,400
tell us to show this yeah so as you can

927
00:41:13,180 --> 00:41:10,549
see that's our respirators on there and

928
00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:13,190
we're moving around the tunnel the

929
00:41:18,370 --> 00:41:16,400
there's you know small cylindrical

930
00:41:20,980 --> 00:41:18,380
sections that you see there at the left

931
00:41:23,109 --> 00:41:20,990
is our the boosters that when this is

932
00:41:25,599 --> 00:41:23,119
you see animations you see two boosters

933
00:41:27,970 --> 00:41:25,609
in this core and this is gonna lift off

934
00:41:29,140 --> 00:41:27,980
up into space so we take those off just

935
00:41:31,599 --> 00:41:29,150
for painting and then we'll put them

936
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:31,609
back on but yeah a lot of work goes into

937
00:41:36,539 --> 00:41:34,640
that you're getting a wind tunnel model

938
00:41:38,759 --> 00:41:36,549
even just to that point and

939
00:41:39,959 --> 00:41:38,769
I think it really just it yeah yeah yeah

940
00:41:41,969 --> 00:41:39,969
and it's beautiful because it gives you

941
00:41:43,439 --> 00:41:41,979
a really big appreciation for you know

942
00:41:45,509 --> 00:41:43,449
when that model is on the launch pad

943
00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:45,519
just knowing and how many people had a

944
00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:47,650
fingerprint on that model on who always

945
00:41:53,069 --> 00:41:49,359
involved in all the facilities of NASA

946
00:41:55,049 --> 00:41:53,079
and you know what what rich facilities

947
00:41:58,109 --> 00:41:55,059
technology and people that we have you

948
00:42:00,749 --> 00:41:58,119
know awesome we have snow work questions

949
00:42:02,969 --> 00:42:00,759
some to review and clarify words were

950
00:42:20,470 --> 00:42:02,979
that's what makes it pink the fact

951
00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:22,630
special about the paint to keep dust and

952
00:42:27,700 --> 00:42:24,890
condensation from accumulating on it

953
00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:27,710
while in space so let's clarify do you

954
00:42:30,910 --> 00:42:30,170
use the paint only for testing here yes

955
00:42:32,200 --> 00:42:30,920
okay

956
00:42:34,030 --> 00:42:32,210
it's very particular it's just to help

957
00:42:36,250 --> 00:42:34,040
us see how pressures are distributed on

958
00:42:38,349 --> 00:42:36,260
the model the actual rocket will be

959
00:42:40,780 --> 00:42:38,359
painted with real paints okay not this

960
00:42:42,910 --> 00:42:40,790
special page yeah this is a high-tech

961
00:42:45,220 --> 00:42:42,920
it's a tool right it's a pressure sensor

962
00:42:47,020 --> 00:42:45,230
basically it is a pressure sensor yes so

963
00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:47,030
traditionally we've had these pressure

964
00:42:51,220 --> 00:42:49,130
sensors that are under the model on the

965
00:42:54,190 --> 00:42:51,230
model and yeah they're they're fairly

966
00:42:55,599 --> 00:42:54,200
fine but in respect to the area of the

967
00:42:57,190 --> 00:42:55,609
model they're really coarse and they're

968
00:42:59,050 --> 00:42:57,200
only in these discrete locations that we

969
00:43:00,370 --> 00:42:59,060
know the pressure really well there yeah

970
00:43:01,359 --> 00:43:00,380
but like I said at the heart of a

971
00:43:03,790 --> 00:43:01,369
Windtunnel tests you want to know the

972
00:43:06,220 --> 00:43:03,800
pressure distribution everywhere on the

973
00:43:07,510 --> 00:43:06,230
model so yeah that's what the the pain

974
00:43:09,069 --> 00:43:07,520
is offering and that's really where the

975
00:43:10,810 --> 00:43:09,079
state of the art is moving it's like how

976
00:43:13,270 --> 00:43:10,820
do we know the pressure across the whole

977
00:43:15,460 --> 00:43:13,280
vehicle mm-hmm in between those sensors

978
00:43:17,290 --> 00:43:15,470
right yeah I can't but yeah it is what

979
00:43:18,880 --> 00:43:17,300
helps you figure out what's in between

980
00:43:20,170 --> 00:43:18,890
yeah because the sensors are so

981
00:43:21,370 --> 00:43:20,180
expensive and you can't put them

982
00:43:22,810 --> 00:43:21,380
everywhere there's not enough room in

983
00:43:24,819 --> 00:43:22,820
certain car models so you'll use this

984
00:43:27,540 --> 00:43:24,829
paint to kind of fill in those gaps yeah

985
00:43:32,920 --> 00:43:31,599
sinful 7cg these painted models that

986
00:43:34,990 --> 00:43:32,930
you're testing for the mission are they

987
00:43:38,620 --> 00:43:35,000
simulated in areas other than the wind

988
00:43:41,829 --> 00:43:38,630
tunnels painted models no I would say

989
00:43:43,300 --> 00:43:41,839
it's mostly wind tunnel technology you

990
00:43:46,870 --> 00:43:43,310
know it certainly could work here on the

991
00:43:48,790 --> 00:43:46,880
bench top but yeah it's I would say the

992
00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:48,800
main application is in a wind tunnel and

993
00:43:54,520 --> 00:43:53,599
of course we we apply as much hardware

994
00:43:57,640 --> 00:43:54,530
as we can see we have multiple

995
00:43:59,050 --> 00:43:57,650
high-speed cameras we will we mount for

996
00:44:00,490 --> 00:43:59,060
we will start melting eight high speed

997
00:44:02,589 --> 00:44:00,500
cameras around the home but that's

998
00:44:05,500 --> 00:44:02,599
that's what we're capturing so the the

999
00:44:07,120 --> 00:44:05,510
paint responds to pressure so it's

1000
00:44:09,760 --> 00:44:07,130
either brighter or dimmer depending on

1001
00:44:12,040 --> 00:44:09,770
the oxygen which is the pressure and and

1002
00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:12,050
we record that with yes from the wind

1003
00:44:16,690 --> 00:44:15,079
tunnel when it's on the pressure over

1004
00:44:18,640 --> 00:44:16,700
the vehicle and it's magnitude is

1005
00:44:21,190 --> 00:44:18,650
changing as we change conditions until

1006
00:44:22,750 --> 00:44:21,200
we take lots of images and and then we

1007
00:44:25,180 --> 00:44:22,760
take those images and do a lot of image

1008
00:44:26,859 --> 00:44:25,190
processing to say this is you know these

1009
00:44:30,099 --> 00:44:26,869
main data products that you want to know

1010
00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:30,109
from the from the wind tunnel test right

1011
00:44:33,960 --> 00:44:32,170
all the data the designers

1012
00:44:36,470 --> 00:44:33,970
yes yes you know do we need to adjust

1013
00:44:43,770 --> 00:44:36,480
this or is this good yeah yeah yeah

1014
00:44:47,420 --> 00:44:43,780
awesome yeah cool job so how can we

1015
00:44:50,010 --> 00:44:47,430
become aerospace engineers for Halloween

1016
00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:50,020
doing pressure-sensitive paint dusting

1017
00:44:53,130 --> 00:44:52,210
how can we recreate your look so much

1018
00:44:54,630 --> 00:44:53,140
like everyone else we're pretty

1019
00:44:56,280 --> 00:44:54,640
industrial probably want to go to a

1020
00:44:57,870 --> 00:44:56,290
hardware store get some coveralls or a

1021
00:44:59,700 --> 00:44:57,880
paint store get something that looks

1022
00:45:01,800 --> 00:44:59,710
like a respirator someone check your

1023
00:45:04,350 --> 00:45:01,810
eyes that's right yeah I don't forget

1024
00:45:08,700 --> 00:45:04,360
the rest Briggs yeah you could channel

1025
00:45:10,440 --> 00:45:08,710
your inner rosie the riveter know that

1026
00:45:16,530 --> 00:45:10,450
you're here with us painting wind tunnel

1027
00:45:18,240 --> 00:45:16,540
models all right well you guys can head

1028
00:45:20,070 --> 00:45:18,250
backstage and then we're gonna bring you

1029
00:45:22,140 --> 00:45:20,080
all back in a minute because it's time

1030
00:45:27,630 --> 00:45:22,150
to vote all right thank thanks for

1031
00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:27,640
coming on they're the coolest

1032
00:45:33,390 --> 00:45:30,130
all these jobs that I didn't even know

1033
00:45:35,130 --> 00:45:33,400
knew I didn't know before exist Nessa I

1034
00:45:37,020 --> 00:45:35,140
really expected what they do for mission

1035
00:45:39,540 --> 00:45:37,030
three it's pretty cool you know a little

1036
00:45:41,490 --> 00:45:39,550
painting a model you know who don't know

1037
00:45:44,040 --> 00:45:41,500
how you can make help to reengineer if

1038
00:45:46,800 --> 00:45:44,050
needed yep yep a big the biggest rocket

1039
00:45:49,530 --> 00:45:46,810
will have exactly that's what their work

1040
00:45:53,100 --> 00:45:49,540
yeah he's into yeah that's awesome but

1041
00:45:55,020 --> 00:45:53,110
now you guys it is time to vote yes so

1042
00:45:56,940 --> 00:45:55,030
we're voting here for our favorite

1043
00:45:59,160 --> 00:45:56,950
costume in the everyday NASA looks

1044
00:46:00,870 --> 00:45:59,170
category so we're going to bring back

1045
00:46:18,900 --> 00:46:00,880
all of our guests and then you can vote

1046
00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:25,650
mechanical engineer Chuck hey that's

1047
00:46:40,410 --> 00:46:29,650
right next we have that's the intern

1048
00:46:44,060 --> 00:46:40,420
Lindley and lastly here's another look

1049
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:44,070
at aerospace engineers Nettie and Jenny

1050
00:46:54,150 --> 00:46:51,610
Hey look at that look very nice

1051
00:46:56,670 --> 00:46:54,160
alright yeah look yeah it's your boats

1052
00:46:59,250 --> 00:46:56,680
in it your last looks in their boats are

1053
00:47:01,110 --> 00:46:59,260
coming in they're coming I don't want to

1054
00:47:06,540 --> 00:47:01,120
rush it I don't want to call this too

1055
00:47:07,770 --> 00:47:06,550
soon it's like yoga rose it's your show

1056
00:47:12,980 --> 00:47:07,780
this is your last chance

1057
00:47:17,610 --> 00:47:12,990
Oh what do we get if we win

1058
00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:17,620
Mary Beth asked our undying respect and

1059
00:47:28,350 --> 00:47:21,850
fan and love yes okay ready guys

1060
00:47:34,390 --> 00:47:32,410
our aerospace engineers bray painting

1061
00:47:38,680 --> 00:47:34,400
rocket models with pressure-sensitive

1062
00:47:43,420 --> 00:47:38,690
face yes very Windtunnel right all right

1063
00:47:45,250 --> 00:47:43,430
but you're all fabulous of course yes

1064
00:47:47,650 --> 00:47:45,260
thanks for joining us today we love

1065
00:47:53,860 --> 00:47:47,660
hearing about your work thanks and happy

1066
00:47:56,890 --> 00:47:53,870
Halloween yeah fabulous a quick reminder

1067
00:47:59,470 --> 00:47:56,900
you guys that if you do end up using any

1068
00:48:01,540 --> 00:47:59,480
of these looks for Halloween if you want

1069
00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:01,550
to see them so you can share your NASA

1070
00:48:06,340 --> 00:48:03,410
inspired costumes with us on social

1071
00:48:09,370 --> 00:48:06,350
media using the hashtag NASA costumes

1072
00:48:11,440 --> 00:48:09,380
yes exactly I'm gonna use that now that

1073
00:48:12,910 --> 00:48:11,450
I have all these costume ideas if I

1074
00:48:17,320 --> 00:48:12,920
didn't have a costume as of this morning

1075
00:48:19,600 --> 00:48:17,330
but either so that was fabulous I'm

1076
00:48:22,180 --> 00:48:19,610
getting excited about the everyday looks

1077
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:22,190
but now we're going on to our second

1078
00:48:27,970 --> 00:48:25,010
category which is NASA inspired cosplay

1079
00:48:30,490 --> 00:48:27,980
costumes my favorite do you love yes I

1080
00:48:32,140 --> 00:48:30,500
love how creative it yeah things you

1081
00:48:35,260 --> 00:48:32,150
would never imagine come out of these

1082
00:48:38,650 --> 00:48:35,270
NASA themed costumes yeah all right so

1083
00:48:40,870 --> 00:48:38,660
cosplay costumes with a NASA twist let's

1084
00:48:44,050 --> 00:48:40,880
bring out our first yes do you want to

1085
00:48:46,150 --> 00:48:44,060
introduce yes so if you've watched past

1086
00:48:49,810 --> 00:48:46,160
episodes of the show you may recognize

1087
00:48:52,420 --> 00:48:49,820
this v Lord from a galaxy not so far far

1088
00:48:54,040 --> 00:48:52,430
away and I hear that if you truly are

1089
00:48:55,870 --> 00:48:54,050
one with the force

1090
00:48:58,300 --> 00:48:55,880
she may even let you peer through a

1091
00:49:02,580 --> 00:48:58,310
telescope come on out darth Kimberly

1092
00:49:05,290 --> 00:49:02,590
cosplay as astrophysicist an

1093
00:49:19,990 --> 00:49:05,300
astrophysicist

1094
00:49:21,250 --> 00:49:20,000
oh no Kimberly oh my god it was better

1095
00:49:26,700 --> 00:49:21,260
than I ever imagined

1096
00:49:37,470 --> 00:49:26,710
very nice she's constellations oh

1097
00:49:46,960 --> 00:49:41,050
once you decloak there I think people

1098
00:49:48,550 --> 00:49:46,970
might recognize you before but why don't

1099
00:49:52,720 --> 00:49:48,560
you reintroduce yourself

1100
00:49:56,040 --> 00:49:52,730
thank you you are what you do here dames

1101
00:50:00,490 --> 00:49:56,050
I'm Kimberly Anika Smith I am a research

1102
00:50:05,800 --> 00:50:00,500
astrophysicist in my cosplay as a

1103
00:50:07,630 --> 00:50:05,810
research astrophysicist NASA Ames

1104
00:50:10,750 --> 00:50:07,640
Research Center in Silicon Valley

1105
00:50:17,290 --> 00:50:10,760
California yeah tell us a bit about what

1106
00:50:21,850 --> 00:50:17,300
you're wearing today as a my costume I

1107
00:50:25,270 --> 00:50:21,860
have a robe of a Sith Lord a Star Wars

1108
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:25,280
universe with my Mahajan all yeah but

1109
00:50:30,880 --> 00:50:27,530
I'm also wearing a dress of the

1110
00:50:33,990 --> 00:50:30,890
constellations yes and my props being my

1111
00:50:36,070 --> 00:50:34,000
Jedi Knight lightsaber from where I

1112
00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:36,080
harness the dark energies and a

1113
00:50:41,650 --> 00:50:38,210
telescope where I can peer into the

1114
00:50:43,180 --> 00:50:41,660
universe excellent and I know that you

1115
00:50:45,880 --> 00:50:43,190
put some thought into this costume and

1116
00:50:47,920 --> 00:50:45,890
this does relate to your work can you

1117
00:50:49,860 --> 00:50:47,930
tell us those connections the kind of

1118
00:50:54,070 --> 00:50:49,870
research you do an astrophysicist

1119
00:50:56,410 --> 00:50:54,080
studies the universe and my training has

1120
00:51:00,340 --> 00:50:56,420
been in a type of light called the

1121
00:51:02,650 --> 00:51:00,350
infrared mom and basically I'm

1122
00:51:04,720 --> 00:51:02,660
interested in the dark universe that's

1123
00:51:08,410 --> 00:51:04,730
weird parts of the universe you cannot

1124
00:51:11,080 --> 00:51:08,420
see with visible light and so I've built

1125
00:51:13,510 --> 00:51:11,090
instruments that have flown on space

1126
00:51:17,020 --> 00:51:13,520
observatories and airborne observatories

1127
00:51:18,300 --> 00:51:17,030
that exploit this light and peer into

1128
00:51:23,310 --> 00:51:18,310
the dark universe

1129
00:51:26,310 --> 00:51:23,320
astrophysicist is all about trying to

1130
00:51:29,850 --> 00:51:26,320
understand how the universe works how

1131
00:51:32,940 --> 00:51:29,860
does the physics behind it the chemistry

1132
00:51:36,270 --> 00:51:32,950
the mechanisms to explain how we are

1133
00:51:41,430 --> 00:51:36,280
here today is a big humbling task but

1134
00:51:43,050 --> 00:51:41,440
worthy of us if well yes sure also well

1135
00:51:45,060 --> 00:51:43,060
I love it yeah can you tell us a bit

1136
00:51:47,850 --> 00:51:45,070
about how you explore the universe the

1137
00:51:50,910 --> 00:51:47,860
instruments that you use or create um

1138
00:51:53,100 --> 00:51:50,920
yeah so um we see the universe with our

1139
00:51:56,550 --> 00:51:53,110
eyes if you go out at night you see

1140
00:51:58,140 --> 00:51:56,560
invisible wavelengths you see stars if

1141
00:52:00,450 --> 00:51:58,150
you have access to telescopes you can

1142
00:52:03,420 --> 00:52:00,460
see a lot more detail you can see deeper

1143
00:52:05,670 --> 00:52:03,430
you can see further in the infrared of

1144
00:52:08,430 --> 00:52:05,680
built instruments that have peered into

1145
00:52:10,050 --> 00:52:08,440
the cocoons of stars being formed she

1146
00:52:12,780 --> 00:52:10,060
couldn't see with your eyes and have

1147
00:52:15,150 --> 00:52:12,790
peered into the hearts of galaxies to

1148
00:52:17,430 --> 00:52:15,160
look at black holes that are fuelling

1149
00:52:19,190 --> 00:52:17,440
the galaxies and that was enabled by

1150
00:52:22,920 --> 00:52:19,200
looking at the universe in the infrared

1151
00:52:25,290 --> 00:52:22,930
oh becomes possible when you're not

1152
00:52:27,890 --> 00:52:25,300
looking in only the light we can see yes

1153
00:52:29,850 --> 00:52:27,900
yes I mean the most of the universe's is

1154
00:52:32,370 --> 00:52:29,860
revealing itself at other wavelengths

1155
00:52:34,890 --> 00:52:32,380
and today we live in exciting realm with

1156
00:52:36,450 --> 00:52:34,900
gravitational wave astronomy which is

1157
00:52:38,100 --> 00:52:36,460
opening up a new dimension to how we

1158
00:52:41,550 --> 00:52:38,110
understand the universe oh my gosh it's

1159
00:52:43,620 --> 00:52:41,560
exciting times to be an Astrophysical we

1160
00:52:46,290 --> 00:52:43,630
have some excitement in the chat a bunch

1161
00:52:50,190 --> 00:52:46,300
of comments for you Karen says I love

1162
00:52:51,330 --> 00:52:50,200
her ship x arts this is so nerdy and I

1163
00:52:54,240 --> 00:52:51,340
love it mm-hmm

1164
00:52:56,940 --> 00:52:54,250
I know mck that dress is awesome Alex

1165
00:53:00,450 --> 00:52:56,950
the eunuch at nerd I mean that in the

1166
00:53:05,010 --> 00:53:00,460
most affectionate way a dress is also

1167
00:53:06,180 --> 00:53:05,020
glows in the dark which is turn the

1168
00:53:10,010 --> 00:53:06,190
lights off and then you have the

1169
00:53:13,620 --> 00:53:10,020
consolation oh my gosh just got better

1170
00:53:15,870 --> 00:53:13,630
Amy says first of all awesome and

1171
00:53:17,780 --> 00:53:15,880
Kimberly what first you got what first

1172
00:53:21,690 --> 00:53:17,790
got you interested in your line of work

1173
00:53:23,250 --> 00:53:21,700
um well I was a nerd I'm a nerd today

1174
00:53:26,430 --> 00:53:23,260
and what am I happy nerd yeah and

1175
00:53:28,530 --> 00:53:26,440
there's a nerd was a child and I I got

1176
00:53:31,350 --> 00:53:28,540
my first telescope when I was about

1177
00:53:35,250 --> 00:53:31,360
seven or eight years old I saved up my

1178
00:53:37,710 --> 00:53:35,260
allowance money and I was recently

1179
00:53:39,690 --> 00:53:37,720
reminded of finding some journals I kept

1180
00:53:41,970 --> 00:53:39,700
as a young young child where I would

1181
00:53:43,740 --> 00:53:41,980
take my telescope out and I would plot

1182
00:53:46,470 --> 00:53:43,750
the stars and I would plot the moons of

1183
00:53:50,010 --> 00:53:46,480
Jupiter and I was very conscious of how

1184
00:53:52,020 --> 00:53:50,020
beautiful the night sky is and we live

1185
00:53:54,570 --> 00:53:52,030
in cities and night skies are not as

1186
00:53:56,520 --> 00:53:54,580
dark as more but Econ camping or you get

1187
00:53:59,040 --> 00:53:56,530
away from the city lights and it is

1188
00:54:02,430 --> 00:53:59,050
you're just transformative I think to

1189
00:54:04,740 --> 00:54:02,440
realize we're on this little planet in

1190
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:04,750
such a beautiful universe and all those

1191
00:54:10,020 --> 00:54:07,810
stars mm-hmm all Harbor planets as well

1192
00:54:11,400 --> 00:54:10,030
which has been so transformative in the

1193
00:54:15,390 --> 00:54:11,410
last decade to learn that there's more

1194
00:54:17,910 --> 00:54:15,400
planets and stars out there do you want

1195
00:54:19,680 --> 00:54:17,920
to tell us some more about observatories

1196
00:54:23,120 --> 00:54:19,690
and telescopes where you've worked on

1197
00:54:25,320 --> 00:54:23,130
instruments or so I got my teeth on

1198
00:54:27,030 --> 00:54:25,330
building an instrument for the spitzer

1199
00:54:28,500 --> 00:54:27,040
space telescope that was launched about

1200
00:54:30,600 --> 00:54:28,510
a decade ago it's just nearing the end

1201
00:54:31,860 --> 00:54:30,610
of its mission and that revealed the

1202
00:54:34,560 --> 00:54:31,870
infrared universe that we had not

1203
00:54:36,690 --> 00:54:34,570
explored these very longer wavelengths

1204
00:54:38,310 --> 00:54:36,700
and we had learned a lot about new types

1205
00:54:40,740 --> 00:54:38,320
of phenomena and then I built an

1206
00:54:42,930 --> 00:54:40,750
instrument for a flying Observatory

1207
00:54:45,900 --> 00:54:42,940
which also does infrared Observatory so

1208
00:54:48,390 --> 00:54:45,910
Sofia is the world's largest flying

1209
00:54:51,570 --> 00:54:48,400
I'm afraid Observatory today that's got

1210
00:54:53,100 --> 00:54:51,580
a plane when the telescope 747 with a

1211
00:54:55,140 --> 00:54:53,110
double-sized telescope and it also

1212
00:54:56,910 --> 00:54:55,150
reveal iam and I built a spectrometer

1213
00:54:58,590 --> 00:54:56,920
for that one and that was all about

1214
00:55:00,150 --> 00:54:58,600
understanding the chemical fingerprints

1215
00:55:04,560 --> 00:55:00,160
as you know trying to understand the

1216
00:55:07,340 --> 00:55:04,570
makeup of the universe and the community

1217
00:55:11,070 --> 00:55:07,350
is very excited about the most ambitious

1218
00:55:13,070 --> 00:55:11,080
infrared Space Telescope to be launched

1219
00:55:17,580 --> 00:55:13,080
in about a year and a half from now

1220
00:55:20,010 --> 00:55:17,590
James Webb Space Telescope and the James

1221
00:55:21,600 --> 00:55:20,020
Webb is a successor to Hubble I didn't

1222
00:55:23,910 --> 00:55:21,610
mention Hubble Hubble is an amazing

1223
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:23,920
observatory right now and just transform

1224
00:55:27,360 --> 00:55:25,930
the way we understand the universe that

1225
00:55:28,830 --> 00:55:27,370
has worked in the ultraviolet and

1226
00:55:30,630 --> 00:55:28,840
visible with a little bit of infrared

1227
00:55:33,060 --> 00:55:30,640
but it has been most sensitive and the

1228
00:55:34,290 --> 00:55:33,070
show demonstrated the power of putting a

1229
00:55:37,820 --> 00:55:34,300
telescope in space

1230
00:55:41,630 --> 00:55:37,830
oh yes James Webb is very different and

1231
00:55:44,130 --> 00:55:41,640
James Webb is gonna be the biggest yeah

1232
00:55:47,670 --> 00:55:44,140
Observatory we have put in space

1233
00:55:50,520 --> 00:55:47,680
Wow a collecting area almost seven times

1234
00:55:53,250 --> 00:55:50,530
larger than Hubble with a sensitivity a

1235
00:55:55,050 --> 00:55:53,260
hundred times more sensitive than Hubble

1236
00:55:57,750 --> 00:55:55,060
it's crazy the Hubble is already

1237
00:55:58,950 --> 00:55:57,760
incredible with the images it gives us

1238
00:56:01,770 --> 00:55:58,960
but Wow

1239
00:56:06,750 --> 00:56:01,780
gonna be what gets me excited about

1240
00:56:09,210 --> 00:56:06,760
James Webb it's the first time we've had

1241
00:56:11,700 --> 00:56:09,220
a telescope to look at the birth of

1242
00:56:15,720 --> 00:56:11,710
galaxies we have never had an

1243
00:56:17,430 --> 00:56:15,730
observatory that can look that deep into

1244
00:56:20,340 --> 00:56:17,440
the universe because of its sensitivity

1245
00:56:23,670 --> 00:56:20,350
and also exploiting the infrared to peer

1246
00:56:25,950 --> 00:56:23,680
deeper into the universe mm-hmm that

1247
00:56:29,760 --> 00:56:25,960
will potentially catch the birth of

1248
00:56:35,490 --> 00:56:29,770
galaxies you know we will see baby

1249
00:56:35,500 --> 00:56:49,890
you

1250
00:56:56,310 --> 00:56:53,670
work themselves out hmm the baby or the

1251
00:56:59,640 --> 00:56:56,320
birth of galaxies is very unknown one of

1252
00:57:01,980 --> 00:56:59,650
the biggest unknown questions is you

1253
00:57:06,120 --> 00:57:01,990
know how did the galaxies form hmm and

1254
00:57:09,420 --> 00:57:06,130
one in particular we now have observed

1255
00:57:12,450 --> 00:57:09,430
over the last couple of decades that all

1256
00:57:15,510 --> 00:57:12,460
the large massive galaxies are fueled by

1257
00:57:18,330 --> 00:57:15,520
a supermassive black hole these are

1258
00:57:20,160 --> 00:57:18,340
black holes that are thousands to

1259
00:57:23,910 --> 00:57:20,170
millions to billions of solar masses

1260
00:57:26,790 --> 00:57:23,920
these are incredible beasts we have no

1261
00:57:28,860 --> 00:57:26,800
idea how they form nor do we know

1262
00:57:32,610 --> 00:57:28,870
whether you need a supermassive black

1263
00:57:35,520 --> 00:57:32,620
hole to form a galaxy or whether the

1264
00:57:37,890 --> 00:57:35,530
galaxy has it got massive formed the

1265
00:57:40,200 --> 00:57:37,900
supermassive black hole wow we have a

1266
00:57:45,990 --> 00:57:40,210
chicken and egg dilemma

1267
00:57:50,400 --> 00:57:46,000
so this web is gonna tell us did black

1268
00:57:52,170 --> 00:57:50,410
holes come first right or did gap wow I

1269
00:57:53,430 --> 00:57:52,180
didn't even realize that we didn't know

1270
00:57:55,770 --> 00:57:53,440
these things we do know these things

1271
00:57:58,290 --> 00:57:55,780
exchanged so much I want to learn right

1272
00:58:02,550 --> 00:57:58,300
yeah I think we have an animation I do

1273
00:58:05,070 --> 00:58:02,560
of James Webb yes so let's go don't know

1274
00:58:07,230 --> 00:58:05,080
about this is a most gonna be the

1275
00:58:10,290 --> 00:58:07,240
largest Space Telescope ever launched

1276
00:58:14,220 --> 00:58:10,300
and we launched in March of 2021 you see

1277
00:58:17,160 --> 00:58:14,230
a 18 segmented primary mirror that's

1278
00:58:20,030 --> 00:58:17,170
coated in gold the diameter is 6.5

1279
00:58:22,620 --> 00:58:20,040
meters about the height of a giraffe the

1280
00:58:25,200 --> 00:58:22,630
the bottom part that looks silver Lea

1281
00:58:28,080 --> 00:58:25,210
purple is a sunshade the sun shades

1282
00:58:30,300 --> 00:58:28,090
about the size of the tennis court this

1283
00:58:33,150 --> 00:58:30,310
is going to be launched to an orbit

1284
00:58:36,510 --> 00:58:33,160
around the Sun a million miles from

1285
00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:36,520
Earth I mean Hubble right now is at 375

1286
00:58:40,170 --> 00:58:38,290
miles from Earth so this is a very

1287
00:58:42,720 --> 00:58:40,180
different way of running a Space

1288
00:58:45,360 --> 00:58:42,730
Telescope with its large aperture and

1289
00:58:45,930 --> 00:58:45,370
its ability to look in the infrared it's

1290
00:58:48,690 --> 00:58:45,940
cooled

1291
00:58:52,380 --> 00:58:48,700
um this gives it a lot more sensitivity

1292
00:58:59,070 --> 00:58:52,390
and yes it's going to really reveal the

1293
00:59:01,630 --> 00:58:59,080
dark universe not to play up the Star

1294
00:59:06,009 --> 00:59:01,640
Wars thing it is going to bring

1295
00:59:09,069 --> 00:59:06,019
galaxies far far away very much closer

1296
00:59:11,380 --> 00:59:09,079
to home it's really an observatory about

1297
00:59:14,500 --> 00:59:11,390
the first stars in the first galaxies

1298
00:59:16,240 --> 00:59:14,510
Wow amazing yeah what a good story I

1299
00:59:21,670 --> 00:59:16,250
mean I can't right now I always loved

1300
00:59:23,529 --> 00:59:21,680
him Kimberly I know but before we let

1301
00:59:24,009 --> 00:59:23,539
you go let's get a couple questions in

1302
00:59:25,960 --> 00:59:24,019
here

1303
00:59:27,609 --> 00:59:25,970
Valis Sparkle asks what's the coolest

1304
00:59:31,720 --> 00:59:27,619
thing that you ever saw looking into

1305
00:59:35,829 --> 00:59:31,730
space Wow can it name just one it's

1306
00:59:37,750 --> 00:59:35,839
difficult I was very privileged to work

1307
00:59:41,049 --> 00:59:37,760
on the New Horizons mission that flew by

1308
00:59:44,799 --> 00:59:41,059
Pluto in 2015 I was one of the deputy

1309
00:59:47,410 --> 00:59:44,809
project scientist and to actually see a

1310
00:59:49,029 --> 00:59:47,420
world that had been just ten pixels in

1311
00:59:51,730 --> 00:59:49,039
the Hubble Space Telescope camera very

1312
00:59:55,359 --> 00:59:51,740
blurry and have it come in to life and

1313
00:59:58,599 --> 00:59:55,369
to full color showing glaciers was the

1314
01:00:00,160 --> 00:59:58,609
most unexpected phenomena that no one

1315
01:00:01,930 --> 01:00:00,170
had expected now I know it's closer to

1316
01:00:04,509 --> 01:00:01,940
home rather than the black holes and the

1317
01:00:07,900 --> 01:00:04,519
exotic Dark Matter dark energy that is

1318
01:00:10,749 --> 01:00:07,910
shaping our larger universe it's like

1319
01:00:15,249 --> 01:00:10,759
the fact that we have a lot yet to still

1320
01:00:17,680 --> 01:00:15,259
discover in our home backyard yeah so

1321
01:00:19,359 --> 01:00:17,690
that was just phenomena I we no one

1322
01:00:22,450 --> 01:00:19,369
expected that's amazing your science has

1323
01:00:23,829 --> 01:00:22,460
taken you near and far yeah well studied

1324
01:00:25,269 --> 01:00:23,839
the universe you want to understand and

1325
01:00:28,120 --> 01:00:25,279
plus when we understand that there are

1326
01:00:30,849 --> 01:00:28,130
more planets than stars stars hosting

1327
01:00:32,920 --> 01:00:30,859
lots of these exoplanets and trying to

1328
01:00:34,509 --> 01:00:32,930
understand our solar system in context I

1329
01:00:36,130 --> 01:00:34,519
mean we have a laboratory here trying

1330
01:00:38,559 --> 01:00:36,140
this in our own solar system but then we

1331
01:00:40,480 --> 01:00:38,569
have thousands and now millions of solar

1332
01:00:43,210 --> 01:00:40,490
systems yet to be explored that's right

1333
01:00:46,420 --> 01:00:43,220
there's so much more to do it's seven

1334
01:00:48,549 --> 01:00:46,430
all right well I guess our last question

1335
01:00:51,490 --> 01:00:48,559
for you is how could we recreate your

1336
01:00:56,470 --> 01:00:51,500
look for Halloween well go to a fabric

1337
01:00:58,960 --> 01:00:56,480
store and make a black cloak for my

1338
01:01:01,089 --> 01:00:58,970
dress I just looked for a constellation

1339
01:01:03,940 --> 01:01:01,099
dress online it's been great at parties

1340
01:01:05,920 --> 01:01:03,950
conversation starter for the lightsaber

1341
01:01:07,920 --> 01:01:05,930
I borrowed one off of friends teenage

1342
01:01:09,900 --> 01:01:07,930
child

1343
01:01:13,289 --> 01:01:09,910
it's not if you want to make one at home

1344
01:01:16,019 --> 01:01:13,299
you just take a clear plastic tube and

1345
01:01:19,549 --> 01:01:16,029
attach it to a flashlight with some duct

1346
01:01:22,230 --> 01:01:19,559
tape and I've learned that if I if I

1347
01:01:24,630 --> 01:01:22,240
sanded the outer side of just to make a

1348
01:01:26,010 --> 01:01:24,640
coral pink I created some diffusion

1349
01:01:27,059 --> 01:01:26,020
effects and I was able to scattering

1350
01:01:30,180 --> 01:01:27,069
light effect and I got to see my

1351
01:01:33,720 --> 01:01:30,190
lightsaber Vista - even a duct tape I

1352
01:01:35,940 --> 01:01:33,730
myself project for Halloween right right

1353
01:01:37,740 --> 01:01:35,950
yeah totally doable I think all right

1354
01:01:39,750 --> 01:01:37,750
well thanks for the tips and also the

1355
01:01:42,150 --> 01:01:39,760
wonderful stories about your science

1356
01:01:47,609 --> 01:01:42,160
love it and exploring the universe yes

1357
01:01:49,910 --> 01:01:47,619
and may the force be with you for just

1358
01:01:52,529 --> 01:01:49,920
we learned about the dark universe

1359
01:01:54,390 --> 01:01:52,539
fabulous thank you and we will bring you

1360
01:01:56,250 --> 01:01:54,400
back out later when it's time to vote on

1361
01:01:58,519 --> 01:01:56,260
my favorite costumes yeah thank you

1362
01:02:00,630 --> 01:01:58,529
thanks good really

1363
01:02:02,130 --> 01:02:00,640
you could just listen to kimberly all

1364
01:02:06,150 --> 01:02:02,140
day couldn't I mean really really good

1365
01:02:07,049 --> 01:02:06,160
yes yes and just be mesmerized yes you

1366
01:02:24,010 --> 01:02:07,059
know you almost feel like you're

1367
01:02:28,210 --> 01:02:26,410
hun this pair boldly goes through their

1368
01:02:31,060 --> 01:02:28,220
workday advancing the science of flight

1369
01:02:34,390 --> 01:02:31,070
at our flight simulator facilities come

1370
01:02:48,960 --> 01:02:34,400
on out Sumida and Emily cosplaying as

1371
01:02:51,970 --> 01:02:48,970
NASA Starfleet Command hello very nice I

1372
01:02:56,610 --> 01:02:51,980
love that you have these costume me feel

1373
01:02:58,740 --> 01:02:56,620
of course own Star Trek starveling

1374
01:03:01,840 --> 01:02:58,750
perfect

1375
01:03:04,870 --> 01:03:01,850
tell us your name and what you do

1376
01:03:07,120 --> 01:03:04,880
hi I'm sue maida and I work at the

1377
01:03:09,970 --> 01:03:07,130
flight simulation labs as outreach and

1378
01:03:11,790 --> 01:03:09,980
communications and my name is Emily

1379
01:03:15,130 --> 01:03:11,800
Lewis I'm a simulation engineer

1380
01:03:17,380 --> 01:03:15,140
contractor at the sim labs at Heron s

1381
01:03:21,280 --> 01:03:17,390
Ames all right you're gonna tell us more

1382
01:03:24,640 --> 01:03:21,290
about I know what you're wearing Star

1383
01:03:26,110 --> 01:03:24,650
Trek uniforms uh but tell us why because

1384
01:03:29,050 --> 01:03:26,120
I know there's a connection in your work

1385
01:03:32,650 --> 01:03:29,060
here yes so as a kid I watched Star Trek

1386
01:03:34,540 --> 01:03:32,660
growing up with my dad the reruns and I

1387
01:03:38,170 --> 01:03:34,550
was really inspired by lieutenant Uhura

1388
01:03:41,650 --> 01:03:38,180
oh yeah communications officer and so my

1389
01:03:44,620 --> 01:03:41,660
costume is similar to that and you know

1390
01:03:48,250 --> 01:03:44,630
of course Star Trek with its mission to

1391
01:03:50,410 --> 01:03:48,260
do discovery and explore is you know

1392
01:03:52,840 --> 01:03:50,420
very similar to kind of what our mission

1393
01:03:54,610 --> 01:03:52,850
is at the simulation facilities to

1394
01:03:57,940 --> 01:03:54,620
advance science for that for that reason

1395
01:03:59,800 --> 01:03:57,950
yeah it makes perfect sense and I'm

1396
01:04:01,540 --> 01:03:59,810
wearing a next-generation Star Trek

1397
01:04:04,060 --> 01:04:01,550
costume and I fell in love with Star

1398
01:04:05,650 --> 01:04:04,070
Trek when next-generation was on when I

1399
01:04:07,930 --> 01:04:05,660
was in college so I watched in college

1400
01:04:10,120 --> 01:04:07,940
and I found the vision of Star Trek and

1401
01:04:12,400 --> 01:04:10,130
its positive approach to space

1402
01:04:14,350 --> 01:04:12,410
exploration and technology really

1403
01:04:15,610 --> 01:04:14,360
inspiring and that's one of the main

1404
01:04:17,680 --> 01:04:15,620
reasons that I decided to study

1405
01:04:19,420 --> 01:04:17,690
aerospace engineering and why also I'm

1406
01:04:21,940 --> 01:04:19,430
really happy to be working on NASA here

1407
01:04:23,950 --> 01:04:21,950
and one other connection that we have

1408
01:04:27,040 --> 01:04:23,960
between Star Trek and where we work at

1409
01:04:28,330 --> 01:04:27,050
the simulation laboratory is that Star

1410
01:04:30,190 --> 01:04:28,340
Trek has the holodeck if you're familiar

1411
01:04:33,670 --> 01:04:30,200
with it the holodeck is kind of a really

1412
01:04:34,930 --> 01:04:33,680
cool high-tech virtual reality

1413
01:04:36,819 --> 01:04:34,940
simulation

1414
01:04:38,170 --> 01:04:36,829
yeah and you know we don't have a

1415
01:04:40,750 --> 01:04:38,180
holodeck but we are thinking about

1416
01:04:43,150 --> 01:04:40,760
including a via they are sometime in the

1417
01:04:45,730 --> 01:04:43,160
future but we are advancing aerospace

1418
01:04:47,740 --> 01:04:45,740
technologies and we are supporting the

1419
01:04:50,680 --> 01:04:47,750
development of the next generation

1420
01:04:53,440 --> 01:04:50,690
aircraft the spacecraft yeah yeah so

1421
01:04:55,690 --> 01:04:53,450
tell us what the simulation labs means

1422
01:04:57,099 --> 01:04:55,700
you guys have a flight simulator right

1423
01:04:58,960 --> 01:04:57,109
once you tell everybody about that one

1424
01:05:02,230 --> 01:04:58,970
so the flight simulator can really

1425
01:05:05,559 --> 01:05:02,240
become any aircraft or spacecraft and to

1426
01:05:08,290 --> 01:05:05,569
test out new designs do research for you

1427
01:05:09,579 --> 01:05:08,300
know any kind of new aircraft and maybe

1428
01:05:10,990 --> 01:05:09,589
Emily can tell us a little bit more

1429
01:05:13,660 --> 01:05:11,000
about the vertical motion simulator

1430
01:05:15,099 --> 01:05:13,670
because that's where she's at yes the

1431
01:05:16,780 --> 01:05:15,109
simulation laboratories has to several

1432
01:05:19,089 --> 01:05:16,790
facilities and the vertical motion

1433
01:05:21,970 --> 01:05:19,099
simulator is where I work most the time

1434
01:05:24,160 --> 01:05:21,980
and we call that the VMS and the

1435
01:05:28,030 --> 01:05:24,170
vertical motion simulator the BMS is the

1436
01:05:30,579 --> 01:05:28,040
largest so it's a full motion real-time

1437
01:05:32,470 --> 01:05:30,589
piloted simulation facility it has the

1438
01:05:34,000 --> 01:05:32,480
largest vertical motion space of any

1439
01:05:35,380 --> 01:05:34,010
ground-based simulator in the world

1440
01:05:38,620 --> 01:05:35,390
amazing yes

1441
01:05:40,599 --> 01:05:38,630
and so if designed to be reconfigurable

1442
01:05:44,260 --> 01:05:40,609
and customizable and so we can basically

1443
01:05:46,690 --> 01:05:44,270
simulate any you know vehicle real or

1444
01:05:48,940 --> 01:05:46,700
not real notional that you'd need to set

1445
01:05:51,849 --> 01:05:48,950
it really so yes yeah so sometimes it

1446
01:05:56,280 --> 01:05:51,859
can be a boat or it could be a plane or

1447
01:06:02,310 --> 01:05:58,750
beechcraft it can be spacecraft we've

1448
01:06:06,430 --> 01:06:02,320
done we've done helicopters and no jets

1449
01:06:09,100 --> 01:06:06,440
transports we did a bobsled Wow I've

1450
01:06:12,250 --> 01:06:09,110
been on that whoo yeah they actually

1451
01:06:15,140 --> 01:06:12,260
dropped some fruit flies once to see

1452
01:06:15,150 --> 01:06:29,660
you

1453
01:06:34,160 --> 01:06:32,480
and as I said it's the largest vertical

1454
01:06:39,589 --> 01:06:34,170
motion simulator of any in the world it

1455
01:06:44,770 --> 01:06:39,599
can move plus 60 feet vertically and 40

1456
01:06:47,870 --> 01:06:44,780
feet in the long longitudinal axis and

1457
01:06:50,089 --> 01:06:47,880
it we it offers six we call it six

1458
01:06:52,339 --> 01:06:50,099
degrees of Six and couple degrees of

1459
01:06:54,410 --> 01:06:52,349
freedom and I'll explain what that means

1460
01:06:59,240 --> 01:06:54,420
in a minute when the video is done yeah

1461
01:07:02,240 --> 01:06:59,250
okay okay so we have this model of one

1462
01:07:04,910 --> 01:07:02,250
of our our VMs cabs and just to give you

1463
01:07:06,920 --> 01:07:04,920
a perspective the the pilots sit inside

1464
01:07:10,549 --> 01:07:06,930
this cab and this might fit maybe three

1465
01:07:12,770 --> 01:07:10,559
or four people and inside the cab would

1466
01:07:15,319 --> 01:07:12,780
be configured to be whatever vehicle he

1467
01:07:17,780 --> 01:07:15,329
went to simulate and the VMS would sit

1468
01:07:20,930 --> 01:07:17,790
in that 10 story tower and it's just

1469
01:07:23,120 --> 01:07:20,940
along a beam that is what goes along the

1470
01:07:26,089 --> 01:07:23,130
the axis of the 40-foot long beam beam

1471
01:07:28,039 --> 01:07:26,099
moves up and down to get the vertical

1472
01:07:29,960 --> 01:07:28,049
motion and then the cab moves along the

1473
01:07:31,640 --> 01:07:29,970
beam for the lateral motion Lucy and

1474
01:07:33,650 --> 01:07:31,650
then it moves perpendicular to the beam

1475
01:07:34,730 --> 01:07:33,660
for the longitudinal motion and that's

1476
01:07:37,240 --> 01:07:34,740
the three translational degrees of

1477
01:07:40,549 --> 01:07:37,250
freedom and then it also sits on a

1478
01:07:43,039 --> 01:07:40,559
hydraulic gimbal system to provide the

1479
01:07:44,870 --> 01:07:43,049
rotations and so this is the front of

1480
01:07:47,510 --> 01:07:44,880
the cab so the rotational axis would be

1481
01:07:50,660 --> 01:07:47,520
we're all and then this would be pitch

1482
01:07:52,160 --> 01:07:50,670
yeah and yeah okay and when we say it's

1483
01:07:54,140 --> 01:07:52,170
six and a couple degrees of freedom what

1484
01:07:56,359 --> 01:07:54,150
you mean is that for instance if it has

1485
01:07:58,460 --> 01:07:56,369
a long a large deflection in one axis it

1486
01:08:00,280 --> 01:07:58,470
doesn't have it doesn't reduce the

1487
01:08:15,520 --> 01:08:00,290
amount of travel that it can

1488
01:08:21,430 --> 01:08:18,249
sure and we've had several astronauts

1489
01:08:23,960 --> 01:08:21,440
trained at the simulator for landing the

1490
01:08:23,970 --> 01:08:38,349
you

1491
01:08:44,910 --> 01:08:40,499
it's important for us to

1492
01:08:46,950 --> 01:08:44,920
live long and prosper and so a building

1493
01:08:49,650 --> 01:08:46,960
a plane and simulation is obviously a

1494
01:08:51,510 --> 01:08:49,660
lot safer and it's more cost effective

1495
01:08:54,390 --> 01:08:51,520
and so they can test out the new ideas

1496
01:08:56,579 --> 01:08:54,400
test out new procedures see how we want

1497
01:08:58,680 --> 01:08:56,589
to do this before actually flying in

1498
01:09:01,050 --> 01:08:58,690
real life yeah awesome and then you've

1499
01:09:03,809 --> 01:09:01,060
had astronauts training and yeah every

1500
01:09:05,789 --> 01:09:03,819
single a shuttle pilot trained at the

1501
01:09:09,450 --> 01:09:05,799
vertical motion simulator for landing

1502
01:09:11,700 --> 01:09:09,460
yes fantastic when it came to me and the

1503
01:09:13,079 --> 01:09:11,710
shuttle pilots who flew at the simulator

1504
01:09:15,090 --> 01:09:13,089
and then actually flew in space and came

1505
01:09:17,280 --> 01:09:15,100
back said that the simulator really

1506
01:09:19,950 --> 01:09:17,290
represented what they felt accurately so

1507
01:09:22,079 --> 01:09:19,960
oh wow that's really impressive yeah for

1508
01:09:24,530 --> 01:09:22,089
a facility on the ground yeah it has to

1509
01:09:26,999 --> 01:09:24,540
make it up right exactly

1510
01:09:31,709 --> 01:09:27,009
well we have some comments and questions

1511
01:09:42,030 --> 01:09:31,719
yeah yes we have Amy here says my

1512
01:09:44,880 --> 01:09:42,040
question is how are you so cool cool I

1513
01:09:47,820 --> 01:09:44,890
mean working here is so awesome and with

1514
01:09:50,160 --> 01:09:47,830
the Artemis mission coming up sending

1515
01:09:51,959 --> 01:09:50,170
the first woman and next man to walk on

1516
01:09:54,810 --> 01:09:51,969
the surface of the Moon that is super

1517
01:09:58,020 --> 01:09:54,820
exciting super cool happening in in 2024

1518
01:10:02,550 --> 01:09:58,030
yes that leave us into a question two

1519
01:10:04,620 --> 01:10:02,560
from from the chat our g rj the new did

1520
01:10:07,080 --> 01:10:04,630
they test any landing simulations for

1521
01:10:08,760 --> 01:10:07,090
any lunar landers yes that's a great

1522
01:10:11,010 --> 01:10:08,770
question glad glad you asked that

1523
01:10:13,979 --> 01:10:11,020
because we've had a several lunar lander

1524
01:10:17,150 --> 01:10:13,989
studies done and what they learned is

1525
01:10:19,770 --> 01:10:17,160
that landing the moon is a very

1526
01:10:22,020 --> 01:10:19,780
difficult from a control point of view

1527
01:10:25,560 --> 01:10:22,030
and so motion based simulation is

1528
01:10:26,760 --> 01:10:25,570
critical for analyzing and testing and

1529
01:10:30,720 --> 01:10:26,770
making sure that the next generation

1530
01:10:32,450 --> 01:10:30,730
lunar lander will be be a really great

1531
01:10:34,560 --> 01:10:32,460
for the artemis astronauts you know

1532
01:10:37,590 --> 01:10:34,570
that's amazing that you can simulate

1533
01:10:40,680 --> 01:10:37,600
that as well you know right yeah we have

1534
01:10:42,510 --> 01:10:40,690
a video of this as well okay Oh fabulous

1535
01:10:45,810 --> 01:10:42,520
you've got one excellent I want to see

1536
01:10:47,910 --> 01:10:45,820
that the lunar lander soon yes this is

1537
01:10:50,030 --> 01:10:47,920
the lunar lander simulation cab the

1538
01:10:52,750 --> 01:10:50,040
interior of it so you can see the

1539
01:10:56,440 --> 01:10:52,760
displays there and there's me

1540
01:10:58,720 --> 01:10:56,450
the moon out there yeah yeah so so we

1541
01:11:00,460 --> 01:10:58,730
have the moon simulated there for the

1542
01:11:02,470 --> 01:11:00,470
landing and you can see the bird's-eye

1543
01:11:04,570 --> 01:11:02,480
view over here and so the researchers

1544
01:11:07,060 --> 01:11:04,580
actually get to have many different

1545
01:11:09,760 --> 01:11:07,070
points of view at this research facility

1546
01:11:11,410 --> 01:11:09,770
so they can really test and see from all

1547
01:11:14,170 --> 01:11:11,420
angles and see how they might want to

1548
01:11:26,530 --> 01:11:14,180
make improvements and make those changes

1549
01:11:29,050 --> 01:11:26,540
in the future so we're gonna have to

1550
01:11:31,390 --> 01:11:29,060
keep moving and have our next contenders

1551
01:11:34,080 --> 01:11:31,400
come on but how can we recreate your

1552
01:11:37,180 --> 01:11:34,090
look do you guys have a price well

1553
01:11:39,400 --> 01:11:37,190
what's really nice about the original

1554
01:11:42,160 --> 01:11:39,410
Star Trek series as the costumes are

1555
01:11:45,400 --> 01:11:42,170
pretty simple you can get a boldly

1556
01:11:48,250 --> 01:11:45,410
colored shirt maybe red or blue add some

1557
01:11:50,170 --> 01:11:48,260
ribbon to the cuffs maybe add a black

1558
01:11:56,470 --> 01:11:50,180
shirt underneath that Peaks out so you

1559
01:11:59,050 --> 01:11:56,480
can simulate having the trim maybe black

1560
01:12:02,200 --> 01:11:59,060
boots black pants of course you want to

1561
01:12:05,590 --> 01:12:02,210
have a Star Trek pin or you can 3d print

1562
01:12:07,120 --> 01:12:05,600
your own communicator you like and then

1563
01:12:10,030 --> 01:12:07,130
you'll have your Starfleet uniform

1564
01:12:13,360 --> 01:12:10,040
excellent nice that's good advice all

1565
01:12:15,850 --> 01:12:13,370
right well thank you thank you been

1566
01:12:18,490 --> 01:12:15,860
fascinating and we will can I say one

1567
01:12:20,440 --> 01:12:18,500
more is Star Trek fan simulation I just

1568
01:12:21,880 --> 01:12:20,450
wanted to say that if you want to boldly

1569
01:12:24,100 --> 01:12:21,890
go where no one has gone before

1570
01:12:25,360 --> 01:12:24,110
yeah but safely then you need to include

1571
01:12:30,070 --> 01:12:25,370
simulation and in your design process

1572
01:12:32,230 --> 01:12:30,080
absolutely thank you this has been

1573
01:12:37,300 --> 01:12:32,240
really cool and we'll see you in a

1574
01:12:41,500 --> 01:12:37,310
little bit thank you Thanks I love the

1575
01:12:44,200 --> 01:12:41,510
variety of costumes and fields of study

1576
01:12:46,600 --> 01:12:44,210
and techniques these guys use also just

1577
01:12:48,400 --> 01:12:46,610
like they can like clear connections to

1578
01:12:50,680 --> 01:12:48,410
a pop culture stuff like you know Star

1579
01:12:52,660 --> 01:12:50,690
Wars Star tag it's just like so easy to

1580
01:12:55,120 --> 01:12:52,670
connect yeah I don't think these are

1581
01:12:58,360 --> 01:12:55,130
that much of a stretch no no no yeah I

1582
01:13:02,620 --> 01:12:58,370
sort of physicist I mean I met one of

1583
01:13:03,260 --> 01:13:02,630
those oh ok so should we go - yeah you

1584
01:13:05,870 --> 01:13:03,270
ready

1585
01:13:08,870 --> 01:13:05,880
next one okay yes so have intro as well

1586
01:13:09,770 --> 01:13:08,880
so she is the daughter of Zeus and twin

1587
01:13:11,900 --> 01:13:09,780
sister of Apollo

1588
01:13:14,300 --> 01:13:11,910
now this Greek goddess shares the name

1589
01:13:16,760 --> 01:13:14,310
of our program that will return humans

1590
01:13:31,310 --> 01:13:16,770
to the moon come on out Daisy cosplaying

1591
01:13:37,160 --> 01:13:31,320
as Artemis let me get a holder for your

1592
01:13:42,440 --> 01:13:37,170
Moon keep that handy okay thank you come

1593
01:13:45,860 --> 01:13:42,450
on right up here yeah you got there

1594
01:13:47,660 --> 01:13:45,870
thank you so much the way here why don't

1595
01:13:49,160 --> 01:13:47,670
you introduce yourself and tell

1596
01:13:50,870 --> 01:13:49,170
everybody what you do here yeah so my

1597
01:13:52,940 --> 01:13:50,880
name is Daisy stock and I'm an intern in

1598
01:13:54,680 --> 01:13:52,950
the exobiology branch and we're

1599
01:13:58,520 --> 01:13:54,690
concerned with origin of life chemistry

1600
01:14:00,800 --> 01:13:58,530
yeah so cool well tell us about your

1601
01:14:02,930 --> 01:14:00,810
outfit I'm dressed as you guys gave me

1602
01:14:04,730 --> 01:14:02,940
an awesome preamble to as Artemis who is

1603
01:14:06,620 --> 01:14:04,740
the goddess of the moon and the twin

1604
01:14:08,720 --> 01:14:06,630
sister of Apollo as well as the namesake

1605
01:14:11,000 --> 01:14:08,730
for NASA's next program that will take

1606
01:14:13,400 --> 01:14:11,010
us to the moon yeah yep yep exactly the

1607
01:14:15,710 --> 01:14:13,410
Artemis program the next man and the

1608
01:14:16,850 --> 01:14:15,720
first woman by 2020 yeah it's such an

1609
01:14:18,200 --> 01:14:16,860
exciting time to be getting involved

1610
01:14:29,330 --> 01:14:18,210
here yeah

1611
01:14:30,740 --> 01:14:29,340
good time for you to working yeah so

1612
01:14:32,660 --> 01:14:30,750
right now I'm studying meteorites we

1613
01:14:34,670 --> 01:14:32,670
study on extraterrestrial samples that

1614
01:14:36,800 --> 01:14:34,680
have fallen to earth and we look for

1615
01:14:38,720 --> 01:14:36,810
organic known compounds that we can look

1616
01:14:40,970 --> 01:14:38,730
at and kind of get a sense for what was

1617
01:14:42,710 --> 01:14:40,980
going on in the universe about our solar

1618
01:14:43,610 --> 01:14:42,720
system at least about 4.6 billion years

1619
01:14:51,230 --> 01:14:43,620
ago Wow

1620
01:14:53,030 --> 01:14:51,240
yeah is that when the earth some of

1621
01:14:54,800 --> 01:14:53,040
those chunks kind of got like stuck

1622
01:14:56,540 --> 01:14:54,810
floating around in space and are in

1623
01:14:58,760 --> 01:14:56,550
orbit in our solar system and sometimes

1624
01:15:01,790 --> 01:14:58,770
one will land on earth for us to study I

1625
01:15:04,400 --> 01:15:01,800
would stand oh oh we I think we have a

1626
01:15:05,690 --> 01:15:04,410
photo did you bring a photo yeah I

1627
01:15:07,820 --> 01:15:05,700
brought a photo of myself with the

1628
01:15:09,350 --> 01:15:07,830
Murchison meteorite oh yes that's a

1629
01:15:10,820 --> 01:15:09,360
sample that we have we don't get a lot

1630
01:15:12,830 --> 01:15:10,830
of the meteorite at any one time because

1631
01:15:15,410 --> 01:15:12,840
it's very precious and very rare oh yeah

1632
01:15:16,580 --> 01:15:15,420
this particular meteorite came crashing

1633
01:15:21,919 --> 01:15:16,590
through the roof of someone's bar

1634
01:15:23,149 --> 01:15:21,929
in Australia into a while of hay but it

1635
01:15:26,180 --> 01:15:23,159
was good because we were able to get to

1636
01:15:27,919 --> 01:15:26,190
it very quickly and preserve it so it's

1637
01:15:30,859 --> 01:15:27,929
not very contaminated it's really over

1638
01:15:32,660 --> 01:15:30,869
study well and it was that dust from it

1639
01:15:35,419 --> 01:15:32,670
was that it ground up in there yeah yeah

1640
01:15:37,910 --> 01:15:35,429
so it was a bigger meteorite it

1641
01:15:40,189 --> 01:15:37,920
fragmented before it hit earth and that

1642
01:15:43,070 --> 01:15:40,199
is a little fragment of the fragment

1643
01:15:45,020 --> 01:15:43,080
that felt ok so we have just little bits

1644
01:15:47,060 --> 01:15:45,030
of it that we're able to perform tests

1645
01:15:49,370 --> 01:15:47,070
on with our instruments and get a sense

1646
01:15:50,959 --> 01:15:49,380
of what it's made of ok yeah what's the

1647
01:15:53,660 --> 01:15:50,969
big question you're trying to answer

1648
01:15:55,790 --> 01:15:53,670
with your work so we're trying to answer

1649
01:15:58,010 --> 01:15:55,800
the origin of life

1650
01:15:59,419 --> 01:15:58,020
yeah I'll begin yeah when did it all

1651
01:16:01,370 --> 01:15:59,429
begin so we're looking for different

1652
01:16:02,959 --> 01:16:01,380
compounds that could have brought the

1653
01:16:06,020 --> 01:16:02,969
building blocks to earth to start of

1654
01:16:07,970 --> 01:16:06,030
like kick-start life ok right yeah yeah

1655
01:16:10,609 --> 01:16:07,980
you plan to figure that out by the end

1656
01:16:17,810 --> 01:16:10,619
of your internship yeah so I think I can

1657
01:16:26,720 --> 01:16:17,820
get it thank you thank you in the chat

1658
01:16:29,000 --> 01:16:26,730
Lix shocks and says you told us a funny

1659
01:16:33,740 --> 01:16:29,010
story the other day that you had to know

1660
01:16:35,510 --> 01:16:33,750
what meteorite smell like yeah my first

1661
01:16:36,890 --> 01:16:35,520
day and my internship I showed up and I

1662
01:16:39,470 --> 01:16:36,900
was filled with nerves and I was really

1663
01:16:41,510 --> 01:16:39,480
excited and just like just so pumped to

1664
01:16:43,490 --> 01:16:41,520
be here and I meet my mentor for the

1665
01:16:44,689 --> 01:16:43,500
first time and he takes out the sample

1666
01:16:46,070 --> 01:16:44,699
and says you know this is like the most

1667
01:16:48,200 --> 01:16:46,080
precious thing that we have in this lab

1668
01:16:49,790 --> 01:16:48,210
like it's so expensive we have so many

1669
01:16:51,950 --> 01:16:49,800
tests to run on it and so many questions

1670
01:16:53,300 --> 01:16:51,960
about it he takes off the cap and puts

1671
01:16:56,030 --> 01:16:53,310
it under my nose and says what does it

1672
01:16:57,800 --> 01:16:56,040
smell like ha and I was like it's okay

1673
01:17:00,800 --> 01:16:57,810
is this the science fruit ok yeah let's

1674
01:17:01,729 --> 01:17:00,810
do it and it smelled like soil Oh soil

1675
01:17:04,790 --> 01:17:01,739
after it rain

1676
01:17:13,160 --> 01:17:04,800
oh really yeah let's learn that space

1677
01:17:15,410 --> 01:17:13,170
smells like dirt RJ the noob has a

1678
01:17:17,120 --> 01:17:15,420
question for you what elements in the

1679
01:17:19,669 --> 01:17:17,130
meteorites have you found that our

1680
01:17:21,290 --> 01:17:19,679
building blocks for life so previously

1681
01:17:23,209 --> 01:17:21,300
people have been looking at amino acids

1682
01:17:25,070 --> 01:17:23,219
in the meteorites and we're looking at a

1683
01:17:29,660 --> 01:17:25,080
group of compounds called carboxylic

1684
01:17:31,790 --> 01:17:29,670
acids so organic

1685
01:17:34,160 --> 01:17:31,800
three are they related to him you know

1686
01:17:35,689 --> 01:17:34,170
and they are I guess okay okay so some

1687
01:17:41,450 --> 01:17:35,699
kind of like building block of the

1688
01:17:42,260 --> 01:17:41,460
building that's awesome in a related

1689
01:17:44,870 --> 01:17:42,270
question

1690
01:17:46,580 --> 01:17:44,880
yeah goob - what kinds of tests do you

1691
01:17:48,350 --> 01:17:46,590
do on the meteors to see where they come

1692
01:17:50,630 --> 01:17:48,360
from um so right now we're doing ion

1693
01:17:52,790 --> 01:17:50,640
chromatography and gas chromatography

1694
01:17:54,320 --> 01:17:52,800
mass spectrometry so basically we take

1695
01:17:56,209 --> 01:17:54,330
the meteorites and we make them into a

1696
01:17:57,500 --> 01:17:56,219
little solution and get them all

1697
01:17:59,630 --> 01:17:57,510
prepared and inject them into these

1698
01:18:01,040 --> 01:17:59,640
machines that are able to tell us the

1699
01:18:03,260 --> 01:18:01,050
retention times of the different

1700
01:18:05,390 --> 01:18:03,270
compounds within the sample and then

1701
01:18:08,240 --> 01:18:05,400
we're able to run what we expect to find

1702
01:18:10,220 --> 01:18:08,250
it to compare that to to kind of get a

1703
01:18:12,290 --> 01:18:10,230
sense of like if it really is what we

1704
01:18:17,270 --> 01:18:12,300
think it is and how much is in there and

1705
01:18:21,400 --> 01:18:17,280
questions like that was really great for

1706
01:18:26,000 --> 01:18:24,709
do you have any tips for anybody could

1707
01:18:28,790 --> 01:18:26,010
you tell us a little bit about how you

1708
01:18:31,010 --> 01:18:28,800
applied and got in yeah so like when we

1709
01:18:33,080 --> 01:18:31,020
I went to intern nasa.gov where

1710
01:18:35,930 --> 01:18:33,090
undergraduates graduates and high

1711
01:18:38,390 --> 01:18:35,940
schoolers I believe - can yep can all

1712
01:18:39,800 --> 01:18:38,400
apply for a NASA internship and you just

1713
01:18:41,360 --> 01:18:39,810
get to go on and kind of like look for

1714
01:18:43,910 --> 01:18:41,370
what projects interest you my advice

1715
01:18:47,150 --> 01:18:43,920
would be to not like pigeonhole yourself

1716
01:18:48,290 --> 01:18:47,160
into one special like focus this is the

1717
01:18:50,120 --> 01:18:48,300
first formal training I've had in

1718
01:18:51,350 --> 01:18:50,130
organic chemistry and I think the only

1719
01:18:53,840 --> 01:18:51,360
reason I'm here is just because I put

1720
01:18:55,729 --> 01:18:53,850
myself out there so it's a definitely

1721
01:18:56,810 --> 01:18:55,739
like jump for things that you want to do

1722
01:18:58,970 --> 01:18:56,820
or you're interested in because the

1723
01:19:02,770 --> 01:18:58,980
scientists here they're interested in

1724
01:19:05,030 --> 01:19:02,780
educating the future of science so

1725
01:19:08,540 --> 01:19:05,040
awesome story and awesome researcher

1726
01:19:10,880 --> 01:19:08,550
thank you very cool all right well

1727
01:19:13,880 --> 01:19:10,890
before you go can you give some tips on

1728
01:19:15,290 --> 01:19:13,890
recreating your look so my look starting

1729
01:19:18,250 --> 01:19:15,300
with the crown I made it out of

1730
01:19:21,860 --> 01:19:18,260
Christmas decoration that I sacrifice

1731
01:19:23,570 --> 01:19:21,870
sometimes got to do that yeah you can go

1732
01:19:25,390 --> 01:19:23,580
to Goodwill to find they have a lot of

1733
01:19:28,640 --> 01:19:25,400
things like this I keep stiring the

1734
01:19:32,360 --> 01:19:28,650
Halloween season um I made this out of a

1735
01:19:34,370 --> 01:19:32,370
sheet it's like a little tunic I don't

1736
01:19:36,530 --> 01:19:34,380
know if you've seen but I decided to

1737
01:19:38,030 --> 01:19:36,540
give our modern Artemis hiking pants

1738
01:19:41,200 --> 01:19:38,040
because I think she deserves to be able

1739
01:19:46,120 --> 01:19:42,970
notice of the punch s be able to run

1740
01:19:47,200 --> 01:19:46,130
yeah definitely and for the moon which

1741
01:19:49,180 --> 01:19:47,210
you're the goddess of when you're

1742
01:19:51,820 --> 01:19:49,190
Artemis right you can make this out of

1743
01:19:54,490 --> 01:19:51,830
tinfoil paper mache and a balloon you

1744
01:19:58,120 --> 01:19:54,500
know paint yeah or 30 printed if that's

1745
01:19:58,630 --> 01:19:58,130
something you can do really yeah just

1746
01:20:03,729 --> 01:19:58,640
get creative

1747
01:20:07,510 --> 01:20:03,739
alright sweet thank you see you in a

1748
01:20:09,820 --> 01:20:07,520
little bit all right another cool one

1749
01:20:11,080 --> 01:20:09,830
I'm always amazed by our interns gonna

1750
01:20:13,390 --> 01:20:11,090
code the meteorite came just like

1751
01:20:15,700 --> 01:20:13,400
landing if someone's bar I know I know

1752
01:20:17,979 --> 01:20:15,710
how ridiculous wake up the next time

1753
01:20:19,600 --> 01:20:17,989
you're like oh they expect that to be

1754
01:20:22,150 --> 01:20:19,610
there I know you're a farmer you've

1755
01:20:24,040 --> 01:20:22,160
young no reason to expect NASA to come

1756
01:20:27,670 --> 01:20:24,050
knocking but you got a meteor in your

1757
01:20:31,840 --> 01:20:27,680
bar alright well let's move on you guys

1758
01:20:34,330 --> 01:20:31,850
to our last contenders last but

1759
01:20:36,970 --> 01:20:34,340
certainly not least this remarkable duo

1760
01:20:39,940 --> 01:20:36,980
just made history by venturing outside

1761
01:20:42,880 --> 01:20:39,950
together in the vacuum of space come on

1762
01:20:48,270 --> 01:20:42,890
out Lauren and Nicole cosplaying as the

1763
01:21:00,700 --> 01:20:48,280
first all woman spacewalk yeah

1764
01:21:07,060 --> 01:21:03,630
[Music]

1765
01:21:08,530 --> 01:21:07,070
I'm so impressed yeah yeah I am too

1766
01:21:14,530 --> 01:21:08,540
I'm curious how we're gonna recreate

1767
01:21:16,090 --> 01:21:14,540
that but we will come yeah okay so tell

1768
01:21:19,780 --> 01:21:16,100
us your names and tell us what you do

1769
01:21:22,810 --> 01:21:19,790
here yeah so my name is Nicole Carter

1770
01:21:25,240 --> 01:21:22,820
and this is I'm Lauren Abbott I'm a

1771
01:21:28,720 --> 01:21:25,250
material scientist and I am a ceramic

1772
01:21:30,490 --> 01:21:28,730
engineer material engineer Wow

1773
01:21:31,570 --> 01:21:30,500
rebirth part of the material thermal

1774
01:21:34,060 --> 01:21:31,580
protection materials branch system

1775
01:21:35,680 --> 01:21:34,070
mm-hmm yeah so yeah as you mentioned so

1776
01:21:38,860 --> 01:21:35,690
we're here to celebrate the first all

1777
01:21:41,260 --> 01:21:38,870
women spacewalk yeah that yeah so

1778
01:21:43,000 --> 01:21:41,270
astronauts Christina Cooke and Jessica

1779
01:21:44,830 --> 01:21:43,010
Muir just completed this last week the

1780
01:21:47,200 --> 01:21:44,840
first time that we've had a spacewalk

1781
01:21:48,610 --> 01:21:47,210
completed by just women and you know we

1782
01:21:50,620 --> 01:21:48,620
were so pumped about it that we wanted

1783
01:21:56,350 --> 01:21:50,630
to dress up to celebrate this is the

1784
01:22:04,510 --> 01:21:56,360
perfect opportunity for that we have a

1785
01:22:06,340 --> 01:22:04,520
photo of these two astronauts yeah I

1786
01:22:08,200 --> 01:22:06,350
believe they live streamed the spacewalk

1787
01:22:09,940 --> 01:22:08,210
on Twitch right yeah I don't know it's

1788
01:22:11,140 --> 01:22:09,950
pretty early that's awesome it was

1789
01:22:13,150 --> 01:22:11,150
really early in the morning but I caught

1790
01:22:14,650 --> 01:22:13,160
the end of it nice nice yeah I think you

1791
01:22:17,410 --> 01:22:14,660
can go back and see it if you missed it

1792
01:22:18,640 --> 01:22:17,420
mm-hmm seven hours I think oh wow yeah

1793
01:22:20,560 --> 01:22:18,650
that's right that's right that's very

1794
01:22:22,480 --> 01:22:20,570
demanding a lot of it is isn't the

1795
01:22:24,320 --> 01:22:22,490
tedious work and when the vacuum is

1796
01:22:26,720 --> 01:22:24,330
exhausting yeah

1797
01:22:29,300 --> 01:22:26,730
it's amazing cool all right well tell us

1798
01:22:34,700 --> 01:22:29,310
how that relates to the work you do

1799
01:22:37,370 --> 01:22:34,710
I don't really maybe my awesome did you

1800
01:22:38,870 --> 01:22:37,380
astronauts one day but no so we actually

1801
01:22:41,330 --> 01:22:38,880
work on materials that help keep

1802
01:22:43,340 --> 01:22:41,340
astronauts safe so Noble mentioned we

1803
01:22:44,690 --> 01:22:43,350
work on thermal protection materials and

1804
01:22:47,300 --> 01:22:44,700
those are materials that go into heat

1805
01:22:49,280 --> 01:22:47,310
shields that protect the spacecraft when

1806
01:22:50,960 --> 01:22:49,290
coming back into atmosphere and earth so

1807
01:22:52,880 --> 01:22:50,970
they keep passionate safe when they

1808
01:22:54,950 --> 01:22:52,890
reenter its atmosphere all right yeah I

1809
01:22:57,740 --> 01:22:54,960
get some pretty high temperatures like

1810
01:23:01,190 --> 01:22:57,750
you know 20 we even have a model so here

1811
01:23:03,110 --> 01:23:01,200
is here's the like the spacecraft coming

1812
01:23:05,180 --> 01:23:03,120
back into Earth and the heat-ray would

1813
01:23:06,620 --> 01:23:05,190
be right in the front of that spacecraft

1814
01:23:08,420 --> 01:23:06,630
we are going through different

1815
01:23:12,160 --> 01:23:08,430
atmospheres you get a lot of heat coming

1816
01:23:15,650 --> 01:23:12,170
through pushing up against that

1817
01:23:18,170 --> 01:23:15,660
spacecraft right and so the Timnath the

1818
01:23:20,630 --> 01:23:18,180
time material so you use are able to

1819
01:23:22,580 --> 01:23:20,640
either push that heat away or just

1820
01:23:24,380 --> 01:23:22,590
insulate it just like kind of stuff and

1821
01:23:26,360 --> 01:23:24,390
that goes in your walls at home this is

1822
01:23:27,800 --> 01:23:26,370
an isolation type of material oh yeah

1823
01:23:31,450 --> 01:23:27,810
become things cool to keep the

1824
01:23:34,750 --> 01:23:31,460
astronauts yeah yes the structure intact

1825
01:23:40,040 --> 01:23:34,760
yeah same idea just really high-tech

1826
01:23:42,380 --> 01:23:40,050
insulation yes not a typical type of

1827
01:23:44,060 --> 01:23:42,390
environment that we happen to see on

1828
01:23:47,320 --> 01:23:44,070
earth area you know kind of a space

1829
01:23:49,250 --> 01:23:47,330
specialty yeah we actually have a couple

1830
01:23:54,200 --> 01:23:49,260
samples of the materials that are

1831
01:23:59,600 --> 01:23:54,210
getting used we have some gloves if you

1832
01:24:01,480 --> 01:23:59,610
wanted to you may want to take a glove

1833
01:24:05,870 --> 01:24:01,490
just because they have a little bit of

1834
01:24:20,640 --> 01:24:05,880
particulates that come off you know what

1835
01:24:26,729 --> 01:24:23,700
you needed a carbon ablator and a blader

1836
01:24:28,109 --> 01:24:26,739
is something that when it heats up it

1837
01:24:31,439 --> 01:24:28,119
creates a chemical reaction that

1838
01:24:33,330 --> 01:24:31,449
actually throws off heat away from the

1839
01:24:35,370 --> 01:24:33,340
spacecraft you can see it's really light

1840
01:24:36,839 --> 01:24:35,380
so obviously when we're sending stuff to

1841
01:24:39,899 --> 01:24:36,849
space we want to keep it nice and light

1842
01:24:41,520 --> 01:24:39,909
because every every pound matters yeah

1843
01:24:43,500 --> 01:24:41,530
so if we can keep the heat light it

1844
01:24:45,990 --> 01:24:43,510
gives us more more space to put other

1845
01:24:47,939 --> 01:24:46,000
things and more weight that we can you

1846
01:24:49,589 --> 01:24:47,949
know do it science experiments and that

1847
01:24:52,410 --> 01:24:49,599
kind of stuff yeah so that yellow is the

1848
01:24:54,629 --> 01:24:52,420
phenolic resin that we use and then the

1849
01:24:57,270 --> 01:24:54,639
black the you seen there's that carbon

1850
01:24:59,220 --> 01:24:57,280
yeah so one thing we do as material

1851
01:25:00,689 --> 01:24:59,230
scientists is we try to understand the

1852
01:25:03,209 --> 01:25:00,699
microstructure of the material so we

1853
01:25:05,939 --> 01:25:03,219
have here this is a 3d printed

1854
01:25:07,470 --> 01:25:05,949
microstructure of the carbon fibers that

1855
01:25:11,070 --> 01:25:07,480
are in pekin obviously this isn't a

1856
01:25:12,149 --> 01:25:11,080
scale so you can actually see it I don't

1857
01:25:13,620 --> 01:25:12,159
know if we can get a close-up of it you

1858
01:25:17,609 --> 01:25:13,630
can take a look at that hold it if you

1859
01:25:19,109 --> 01:25:17,619
hold it here so we get a close-up of

1860
01:25:22,229 --> 01:25:19,119
that you can see all the carbon fibers

1861
01:25:23,879 --> 01:25:22,239
that are making up the substrate of that

1862
01:25:25,830 --> 01:25:23,889
and so these carbon fibers are on the

1863
01:25:27,750 --> 01:25:25,840
scale of microns so it's kind of like

1864
01:25:29,520 --> 01:25:27,760
the thickness of your hair oh well that

1865
01:25:31,320 --> 01:25:29,530
would be a good comparison so these are

1866
01:25:33,120 --> 01:25:31,330
obviously much bigger but this is what

1867
01:25:33,629 --> 01:25:33,130
the carbon fiber substrate looks like in

1868
01:25:35,640 --> 01:25:33,639
pika

1869
01:25:38,250 --> 01:25:35,650
and we infuse that with the phenolic

1870
01:25:47,640 --> 01:25:38,260
resin how cool and why are we wearing

1871
01:25:49,740 --> 01:25:47,650
gloves yeah so a little bit of yellowing

1872
01:25:51,419 --> 01:25:49,750
so it's you just don't want it - getting

1873
01:25:53,609 --> 01:25:51,429
it into your skin it's got little carbon

1874
01:25:55,290 --> 01:25:53,619
pieces in it okay just to keep you safe

1875
01:25:57,750 --> 01:25:55,300
I said protection so you would use this

1876
01:26:00,810 --> 01:25:57,760
material for and heat shield yeah so

1877
01:26:03,089 --> 01:26:00,820
this one yeah this one is good for / -

1878
01:26:05,070 --> 01:26:03,099
it's a blade of asthma convention it

1879
01:26:06,990 --> 01:26:05,080
decomposes on reentry

1880
01:26:09,060 --> 01:26:07,000
so it takes away the heat from the

1881
01:26:10,560 --> 01:26:09,070
spacecraft and it's not reusable so it's

1882
01:26:12,750 --> 01:26:10,570
something we would only use one time

1883
01:26:18,510 --> 01:26:12,760
yeah and then it would be thrown away no

1884
01:26:21,060 --> 01:26:18,520
but we do have reusable reusable TPS

1885
01:26:23,189 --> 01:26:21,070
reusable yes so that's the more common

1886
01:26:25,080 --> 01:26:23,199
shuttle tile about a lot of people tend

1887
01:26:27,959 --> 01:26:25,090
to know is back in the shuttle days and

1888
01:26:31,470 --> 01:26:27,969
that's the whole the white silica blocks

1889
01:26:33,649 --> 01:26:31,480
that you'll see and they can typically

1890
01:26:35,689 --> 01:26:33,659
be recycled

1891
01:26:39,469 --> 01:26:35,699
multiple times the only time that really

1892
01:26:41,509 --> 01:26:39,479
gets has to be replaced is when there's

1893
01:26:42,319 --> 01:26:41,519
any damage from asteroids and meteors or

1894
01:26:43,669 --> 01:26:42,329
any just uh

1895
01:26:45,350 --> 01:26:43,679
alrighty clothes that are in space that

1896
01:26:49,069 --> 01:26:45,360
are hard so what kind of material is

1897
01:26:51,859 --> 01:26:49,079
this so this is really alumina and

1898
01:26:53,859 --> 01:26:51,869
borosilicate glass and glass has such a

1899
01:26:56,899 --> 01:26:53,869
high melting temperature so it doesn't

1900
01:26:59,299 --> 01:26:56,909
deform when in the higher reentry

1901
01:27:01,100 --> 01:26:59,309
atmosphere temperatures and it's

1902
01:27:05,149 --> 01:27:01,110
actually super lightweight because air

1903
01:27:08,659 --> 01:27:05,159
is actually a poor conductor of heat so

1904
01:27:10,640 --> 01:27:08,669
with a lot of air in the material the

1905
01:27:13,069 --> 01:27:10,650
heat transfer doesn't want to go through

1906
01:27:17,929 --> 01:27:13,079
it as fast as like metal metal conducts

1907
01:27:18,439 --> 01:27:17,939
heat very quickly yeah very quickly yeah

1908
01:27:20,149 --> 01:27:18,449
well

1909
01:27:21,859 --> 01:27:20,159
so unlike the polymers which like I said

1910
01:27:23,299 --> 01:27:21,869
decompose at high temperatures and we

1911
01:27:26,689 --> 01:27:23,309
start you can actually see the layer

1912
01:27:28,549 --> 01:27:26,699
sure to recede over time these won't do

1913
01:27:29,839 --> 01:27:28,559
do that you'll be able to use them like

1914
01:27:31,250 --> 01:27:29,849
putting them on like we used to have

1915
01:27:33,109 --> 01:27:31,260
them on the spatial and we can use that

1916
01:27:35,000 --> 01:27:33,119
read that spatially we can reuse it at

1917
01:27:36,890 --> 01:27:35,010
several times before we need to replace

1918
01:27:38,929 --> 01:27:36,900
them and so that helps with Causton and

1919
01:27:41,509 --> 01:27:38,939
it has some performance benefits as well

1920
01:27:43,069 --> 01:27:41,519
so how do you guys do this research with

1921
01:27:47,270 --> 01:27:43,079
the materials and find out more about

1922
01:27:49,489 --> 01:27:47,280
them so my side of it I do a lot of the

1923
01:27:52,189 --> 01:27:49,499
physical testing of the material so we

1924
01:27:54,819 --> 01:27:52,199
can we have what's called the arc jet

1925
01:28:06,009 --> 01:27:54,829
which is a plasma gun that shoots up to

1926
01:28:11,390 --> 01:28:08,899
simulation reheat right so we can stick

1927
01:28:13,069 --> 01:28:11,400
these materials in that plasma gun and

1928
01:28:15,319 --> 01:28:13,079
shoots it we'll take a look at it

1929
01:28:17,179 --> 01:28:15,329
afterwards see what it how it deforms

1930
01:28:19,640 --> 01:28:17,189
from different temperatures we can even

1931
01:28:21,350 --> 01:28:19,650
increase the pressure there and do

1932
01:28:23,689 --> 01:28:21,360
different or even lower pressures that

1933
01:28:25,549 --> 01:28:23,699
kind of resem you late the low

1934
01:28:27,169 --> 01:28:25,559
atmospheric pressure in space yeah

1935
01:28:30,350 --> 01:28:27,179
unfortunately we can't just send stuff

1936
01:28:31,759 --> 01:28:30,360
to space and bring it back the best that

1937
01:28:33,500 --> 01:28:31,769
we can do to try to replicate that

1938
01:28:34,759 --> 01:28:33,510
environment on earth right another thing

1939
01:28:36,439 --> 01:28:34,769
we do so what I work on I do

1940
01:28:38,509 --> 01:28:36,449
computational modeling of these

1941
01:28:40,370 --> 01:28:38,519
materials at different length skills and

1942
01:28:42,020 --> 01:28:40,380
the benefit of using computational tools

1943
01:28:43,939 --> 01:28:42,030
is we can do that a little more cheaply

1944
01:28:45,259 --> 01:28:43,949
on the computer than we could a test and

1945
01:28:47,509 --> 01:28:45,269
are an arc jet test can be very

1946
01:28:49,639 --> 01:28:47,519
expensive so we can do some

1947
01:28:50,959 --> 01:28:49,649
materials ahead of time in computer

1948
01:28:53,059 --> 01:28:50,969
simulations and understand how that

1949
01:28:55,129 --> 01:28:53,069
material behaves in these environments

1950
01:28:56,769 --> 01:28:55,139
as well and that's much safer and

1951
01:28:59,539 --> 01:28:56,779
cheaper than the experiments would be

1952
01:29:02,269 --> 01:28:59,549
you might start there and then yeah

1953
01:29:04,309 --> 01:29:02,279
exactly we work very closely together so

1954
01:29:05,929 --> 01:29:04,319
we'll simulate things and they'll test

1955
01:29:08,000 --> 01:29:05,939
them and we'll compare and and it'll

1956
01:29:09,799 --> 01:29:08,010
help iterate the process of testing and

1957
01:29:11,209 --> 01:29:09,809
designing new materials and testing old

1958
01:29:13,579 --> 01:29:11,219
materials and understanding what

1959
01:29:14,689 --> 01:29:13,589
environments they'll work in because you

1960
01:29:21,129 --> 01:29:14,699
would use a different kind of material

1961
01:29:24,799 --> 01:29:23,509
they all have a special purpose and

1962
01:29:26,359 --> 01:29:24,809
depending on what the mission is we'll

1963
01:29:28,489 --> 01:29:26,369
pick the right heat shield just because

1964
01:29:29,629 --> 01:29:28,499
we want to minimize mass so we'll pick

1965
01:29:31,459 --> 01:29:29,639
the right heat shield they'll get the

1966
01:29:33,259 --> 01:29:31,469
job done but not something that's too

1967
01:29:35,299 --> 01:29:33,269
much that way we can keep the mass alone

1968
01:29:38,869 --> 01:29:35,309
and then even like under tiles there are

1969
01:29:41,569 --> 01:29:38,879
like a bunch of different types of

1970
01:29:44,539 --> 01:29:41,579
shuttle tiles that could be more useful

1971
01:29:46,789 --> 01:29:44,549
on certain parts of the ship versus some

1972
01:29:49,279 --> 01:29:46,799
other part of tiles so that I even in

1973
01:29:50,869 --> 01:29:49,289
there have two different tiles that one

1974
01:29:53,029 --> 01:29:50,879
was processed slightly differently and

1975
01:29:54,889 --> 01:29:53,039
they have different properties for so

1976
01:29:57,049 --> 01:29:54,899
being able to test and know where

1977
01:29:58,669 --> 01:29:57,059
exactly should go on the ship or what

1978
01:30:01,429 --> 01:29:58,679
type of mission it should go into is

1979
01:30:06,500 --> 01:30:01,439
really key can I ask you some questions

1980
01:30:08,779 --> 01:30:06,510
quickly from the chat la la 147 says

1981
01:30:11,449 --> 01:30:08,789
that's awesome they love your work

1982
01:30:15,469 --> 01:30:11,459
how third s are there any ceramics

1983
01:30:18,289 --> 01:30:15,479
inside the spacecraft not that I deal

1984
01:30:20,000 --> 01:30:18,299
with okay do the outside of this and we

1985
01:30:21,919 --> 01:30:20,010
have all sorts of materials in space and

1986
01:30:23,539 --> 01:30:21,929
you know ceramics really great in high

1987
01:30:25,339 --> 01:30:23,549
temperatures so we see those a lot in

1988
01:30:26,569 --> 01:30:25,349
environments we're expecting to get up

1989
01:30:27,979 --> 01:30:26,579
to high temperatures because they won't

1990
01:30:30,259 --> 01:30:27,989
melt at these high temperatures and

1991
01:30:32,269 --> 01:30:30,269
ceramics are also there everywhere so a

1992
01:30:33,919 --> 01:30:32,279
lot of people don't know what ceramics

1993
01:30:35,989 --> 01:30:33,929
kind of entail but like they're in your

1994
01:30:37,909 --> 01:30:35,999
car engine actually oh so you have like

1995
01:30:39,829 --> 01:30:37,919
the metal engine but like the oxygen to

1996
01:30:43,000 --> 01:30:39,839
sensor that is a ceramic material it

1997
01:30:45,109 --> 01:30:43,010
gets used glass gets used it's a ceramic

1998
01:30:47,629 --> 01:30:45,119
yeah so there could be plenty of footage

1999
01:30:49,579 --> 01:30:47,639
every day like electronic semiconductors

2000
01:30:52,159 --> 01:30:49,589
so there's definitely some inside the

2001
01:30:53,779 --> 01:30:52,169
shuttle I just don't do that yeah so one

2002
01:30:54,979 --> 01:30:53,789
other thing we do so sometimes in high

2003
01:30:56,959 --> 01:30:54,989
temperatures you just need to coat

2004
01:30:58,129 --> 01:30:56,969
material you just add a coating on top

2005
01:30:59,119 --> 01:30:58,139
of some kind of material that can

2006
01:31:00,639 --> 01:30:59,129
withstand the high temperatures to

2007
01:31:03,009 --> 01:31:00,649
protect the material underneath

2008
01:31:05,139 --> 01:31:03,019
so this is an example of a material that

2009
01:31:07,419 --> 01:31:05,149
has a coating on top that has some kind

2010
01:31:09,609 --> 01:31:07,429
of protective properties to it oh yeah

2011
01:31:11,409 --> 01:31:09,619
and so it also kind of helps create a

2012
01:31:13,179 --> 01:31:11,419
tougher so these guys they're very

2013
01:31:17,679 --> 01:31:13,189
lightweight they're low-density they're

2014
01:31:19,509 --> 01:31:17,689
kind of susceptible to compression and

2015
01:31:22,080 --> 01:31:19,519
so that glass coating on top of it can

2016
01:31:24,609 --> 01:31:22,090
also help kind of dissipate any sort of

2017
01:31:26,799 --> 01:31:24,619
energy coming across that good Wow

2018
01:31:28,389 --> 01:31:26,809
compress it right yeah so I think we

2019
01:31:29,979 --> 01:31:28,399
have a great movie to show this so as I

2020
01:31:31,509 --> 01:31:29,989
said that we do simulations one of the

2021
01:31:33,069 --> 01:31:31,519
simulations that we do is all the way

2022
01:31:34,869 --> 01:31:33,079
down to the atomistic scale so looking

2023
01:31:37,659 --> 01:31:34,879
at atoms individually in these materials

2024
01:31:39,850 --> 01:31:37,669
okay let the nano scale and if you a

2025
01:31:42,699 --> 01:31:39,860
little the video a video of explain

2026
01:31:44,489 --> 01:31:42,709
that's going on simulation so this is it

2027
01:31:47,020 --> 01:31:44,499
will be a you'll see a microstructure

2028
01:31:48,699 --> 01:31:47,030
once it comes up a microstructure of a

2029
01:31:50,799 --> 01:31:48,709
material and so the microstructure is

2030
01:31:52,449 --> 01:31:50,809
made up of called grains and these are

2031
01:31:54,669 --> 01:31:52,459
crystal lights that are oriented in

2032
01:31:57,790 --> 01:31:54,679
different ways we're at the end of the

2033
01:31:59,020 --> 01:31:57,800
movie can we maybe yeah so so these are

2034
01:32:01,810 --> 01:31:59,030
all the different grains that the blue

2035
01:32:03,429 --> 01:32:01,820
regions are very well ordered crystals

2036
01:32:05,139 --> 01:32:03,439
and then the gray is the boundaries

2037
01:32:06,759 --> 01:32:05,149
between these grains and in the

2038
01:32:08,709 --> 01:32:06,769
simulation so these are now sixteen

2039
01:32:11,109 --> 01:32:08,719
million atoms it's about 60 nanometers

2040
01:32:12,339 --> 01:32:11,119
in scale so you can see as we pull this

2041
01:32:14,109 --> 01:32:12,349
material apart we can start to

2042
01:32:16,179 --> 01:32:14,119
understand how that material fails at

2043
01:32:18,489 --> 01:32:16,189
the atomistic scale so you can see that

2044
01:32:19,899 --> 01:32:18,499
it starts to crack between these on

2045
01:32:21,639 --> 01:32:19,909
these grain boundaries between the

2046
01:32:23,169 --> 01:32:21,649
grains and so now we can start to

2047
01:32:25,629 --> 01:32:23,179
understand the failure mechanisms of

2048
01:32:27,819 --> 01:32:25,639
these other materials by doing that we

2049
01:32:29,619 --> 01:32:27,829
can hopefully improve them and and find

2050
01:32:31,449 --> 01:32:29,629
out when we can use them and what we

2051
01:32:43,810 --> 01:32:31,459
can't and how we can make materials that

2052
01:32:45,369 --> 01:32:43,820
do better and we do a lot of them here

2053
01:32:47,049 --> 01:32:45,379
at NASA NOAA NASA likes to use a lot of

2054
01:32:48,429 --> 01:32:47,059
models like like I mentioned already

2055
01:32:49,629 --> 01:32:48,439
right it's really expensive to do some

2056
01:32:51,489 --> 01:32:49,639
of the tests that we do and it's not

2057
01:32:53,049 --> 01:32:51,499
easy to just test things in space right

2058
01:32:54,699 --> 01:32:53,059
the more we can do things on computers

2059
01:32:56,109 --> 01:32:54,709
the better and computers are getting so

2060
01:32:59,139 --> 01:32:56,119
fast we actually have a supercomputer

2061
01:33:01,479 --> 01:32:59,149
here at yet so that lets us run very

2062
01:33:05,350 --> 01:33:01,489
large simulations like 16 million atoms

2063
01:33:07,929 --> 01:33:05,360
right yeah impressive so cool very cool

2064
01:33:12,310 --> 01:33:07,939
you guys yeah all right well we should

2065
01:33:14,109 --> 01:33:12,320
let you go and before you go do you have

2066
01:33:14,620 --> 01:33:14,119
any advice for us on how we can't

2067
01:33:18,040 --> 01:33:14,630
recreate

2068
01:33:20,170 --> 01:33:18,050
your costumes well for me I'm wearing

2069
01:33:23,950 --> 01:33:20,180
some pretty cushy pants mm-hmm I feel

2070
01:33:26,410 --> 01:33:23,960
like I'm in a cloud or a pillow and can

2071
01:33:28,180 --> 01:33:26,420
use like this boxy thing to help get

2072
01:33:31,740 --> 01:33:28,190
your little switches which don't work on

2073
01:33:34,120 --> 01:33:31,750
mine that's okay you have to work I mean

2074
01:33:35,680 --> 01:33:34,130
if you're really engineering you can

2075
01:33:45,940 --> 01:33:35,690
like hook these things up some light

2076
01:33:53,980 --> 01:33:45,950
bulb and put a box around like a bicycle

2077
01:33:55,180 --> 01:33:53,990
helmet your lovely outfit

2078
01:33:56,590 --> 01:33:55,190
I mean mine's a little easier we've

2079
01:33:58,240 --> 01:33:56,600
already seen a few of these types of

2080
01:33:59,860 --> 01:33:58,250
outfits like a nice coveralls sued

2081
01:34:01,630 --> 01:33:59,870
something you can pick up at a local

2082
01:34:05,650 --> 01:34:01,640
hardware store something like that yeah

2083
01:34:06,970 --> 01:34:05,660
maybe yeah print out some NASA logos

2084
01:34:08,770 --> 01:34:06,980
maybe you know get the red white and

2085
01:34:10,960 --> 01:34:08,780
blue in there and stop em on put your

2086
01:34:14,080 --> 01:34:10,970
name on it all that stuff yeah represent

2087
01:34:16,030 --> 01:34:14,090
NASA we can manage that

2088
01:34:21,280 --> 01:34:16,040
you know excellent tips thank you thank

2089
01:34:22,960 --> 01:34:21,290
you yeah I've heard about heat shields

2090
01:34:30,820 --> 01:34:22,970
you guys that bring stuff in like oh

2091
01:34:33,430 --> 01:34:30,830
yeah I got me yeah we'll see you in just

2092
01:34:36,370 --> 01:34:33,440
a moment because it's already time to

2093
01:34:37,180 --> 01:34:36,380
vote on our second segment yeah do you

2094
01:34:38,680 --> 01:34:37,190
know who you vote for

2095
01:34:40,480 --> 01:34:38,690
have you voted Tiffany you get to vote

2096
01:34:41,740 --> 01:34:40,490
too though I know who I want to vote for

2097
01:34:45,750 --> 01:34:41,750
but I'm gonna keep it a secret

2098
01:34:49,060 --> 01:34:45,760
ha ha ha you know you don't wanna know

2099
01:34:51,490 --> 01:34:49,070
influences in the chat you know and did

2100
01:34:53,530 --> 01:34:51,500
you get some more ideas I did definitely

2101
01:34:54,910 --> 01:34:53,540
so this has been really good cuz I was

2102
01:35:03,400 --> 01:34:54,920
not prepared for Crowley you know I

2103
01:35:05,080 --> 01:35:03,410
never ideas right are you guys all ready

2104
01:35:06,850 --> 01:35:05,090
to vote hmm

2105
01:35:09,910 --> 01:35:06,860
all right time to vote for your favorite

2106
01:35:12,100 --> 01:35:09,920
cosplay costume we're gonna bring all of

2107
01:35:13,450 --> 01:35:12,110
our guests back out and you can vote in

2108
01:35:18,220 --> 01:35:13,460
the chat for your favorite look all

2109
01:35:20,050 --> 01:35:18,230
right so first up will it be Kimberly as

2110
01:35:30,020 --> 01:35:20,060
the astrophysicist

2111
01:35:39,959 --> 01:35:35,339
love it or will it be soon Ada and Emily

2112
01:35:43,080 --> 01:35:39,969
as NASA's Starfleet Command hello live

2113
01:35:43,589 --> 01:35:43,090
long and prosper indeed yeah looking

2114
01:35:50,339 --> 01:35:43,599
good

2115
01:35:52,439 --> 01:35:50,349
next is Daisy as Artemis hello and here

2116
01:36:02,189 --> 01:35:52,449
is one more look at Lauren and Nicole as

2117
01:36:02,699 --> 01:36:02,199
the first all woman spacewalk I don't

2118
01:36:07,859 --> 01:36:02,709
know

2119
01:36:09,000 --> 01:36:07,869
so get yours in yeah now it's the time

2120
01:36:12,299 --> 01:36:09,010
to vote

2121
01:36:15,569 --> 01:36:12,309
we are tallying now it's in the child

2122
01:36:19,109 --> 01:36:15,579
it's your last poses in right this is Oh

2123
01:36:28,439 --> 01:36:19,119
too funny a chance last chance to win

2124
01:36:30,270 --> 01:36:28,449
them over all right ready

2125
01:36:32,850 --> 01:36:30,280
Cohen guys my clothes it's a close one

2126
01:36:37,350 --> 01:36:32,860
that's why this is tough all right the

2127
01:36:41,399 --> 01:36:37,360
I've got the answer our winner is Darth

2128
01:36:41,409 --> 01:36:46,040
yeah

2129
01:36:52,860 --> 01:36:49,490
that's so clever I'm stealing that idea

2130
01:36:53,880 --> 01:36:52,870
it's special yeah but you all look

2131
01:36:56,189 --> 01:36:53,890
fabulous

2132
01:36:57,720 --> 01:36:56,199
yes thank you for research with us and

2133
01:37:08,640 --> 01:36:57,730
your costume ideas this has been awesome

2134
01:37:13,320 --> 01:37:11,220
so a quick reminder that if you do end

2135
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up using any of the looks you saw today

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that are space themed space themed

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costumes for Halloween we want to see

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them okay I want to go on Twitter and I

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want to see them you can share your NASA

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inspired costumes with us on social

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using the hashtag NASA costume I'm

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definitely gonna check that out this

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year me too Seabees made it up there in

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the real world yeah anything this has

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been so much fun thank you for joining

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us and a huge thanks for taking part in

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the chat a huge thanks to our guests we

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learned so much from them today so